No abstract available.
DNA* ; Immunophenotyping*

Hairy cell leukemia (HCL) is a rare, chronic, mature B-cell lymphoproliferative disorder accounting for 2% of all leukemias. In this paper, we would like to present our experience in the management of HCL in a financially limited setting where other diagnostic tests and chemotherapy are unavailable. The case report aims to emphasize the recognition of the distinctive morphology of hairy cells in the peripheral blood in the consideration of the initial diagnosis. A 60-year-old Filipino male was incidentally found to have anemia, thrombocytopenia and an absolute neutrophilic count below 1,000 in a pre-operative clearance for elective herniorrhaphy. Blood smear revealed atypical lymphocytes with hair like cytoplasmic projections. CT-scan of the abdomen showed splenomegaly and prominent paraaortic nodes. Flow cytometry of the bone marrow aspirate was consistent with an involvement of a Mature B cell neoplasm markers CD19, CD20, CD22 and surface immunoglobulin lambda and hairy cell leukemia markers CD11c, CD103 and CD25. He responded to six-weekly sessions of Cladribine with remission of the bone marrow and hematologic parameters. HCL is a rare type of a mature B cell neoplasm characterized by pancytopenia, splenomegaly, bone marrow fibrosis and the presence of atypical lymphoid cells with hairy projections in blood, bone marrow and spleen. Immunophenotyping express CD11c, CD103, CD123, and CD25. BRAF V600E mutation is the disease defining genetic event. Cladribine and Pentostatin are the first line of treatment. Cases of leukemia can be easily overlooked because of the mild derangement in the complete blood count. A meticulous differential review of the atypical lymphocyte, is the first step in the diagnosis of this rare disease.
Leukemia, Hairy Cell ; Cladribine ; Immunophenotyping

Multiple myeloma is a common hematological malignancy which is characterized by plasma cell malignancies proliferation and osteolysis destruction. It manifests M-protein, bone destruction, anemia, renal function impairment and immune function abnormality. In recent years, researchers have known that flow cytometric immunophenotyping is valuable in diagnosis, therapy, prognosis and minimal residual disease detection of multiple myeloma. The review summarizes the development of flow cytometric immunophenotyping in multiple myeloma, including application of flow cytometry in multiple myeloma and immunophenotypic features of flow cytometric analysis in multiple myeloma.
Flow Cytometry ; Humans ; Immunophenotyping ; Multiple Myeloma ; immunology

Humans ; Immunophenotyping ; Leukemia, Large Granular Lymphocytic ; Splenectomy

Lymphomatoid papulosis (LyP) is defined as a histologically malignant, but clinically benign condition. It can appear as erythematous pink to purple papules or nodules. Immunophenotyping studies of the lymphomatoid papulosis lesions have shown a predominance of a CD4 expression and negativity for CD8. However, a positive CD8 expression has rarely been reported for LyP. Herein we report on a case of CD8 positive lymphomatoid papulosis in a 43-year-old man. The patient presented with erythematous, asymptomatic papules on the left axilla and thigh. Histopathologically, there was a wedge-shaped infiltrate composed of a mixture of various cell types, including lymphocytes, histiocytes, neutrophils and large atypical lymphoid cells. Immunophenotyping revealed the neoplastic cells were positive for CD3, CD8 and CD30 and they were negative for CD4, CD20 and CD56.
Adult ; Axilla ; Histiocytes ; Humans ; Immunophenotyping ; Lymphocytes ; Lymphomatoid Papulosis ; Neutrophils ; Thigh

Over the past 40 years, flow cytometry has emerged as a leading, application-rich technology that supports high-resolution characterization of individual cells which function in complex cellular networks such as the immune system. This brief overview highlights advances in multiparameter flow cytometric technologies and reagent applications for characterization and functional analysis of cells modulating the immune network. These advances significantly support high-throughput and high-content analyses and enable an integrated understanding of the cellular and molecular interactions that underlie complex biological systems.
Antibodies ; Flow Cytometry ; Fluorescent Dyes ; Immune System ; Immunophenotyping

Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are myeloid neoplasms characterized by dysplasia in one or more linages of cells and increased risk of development of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Along with the deeply understanding of myelodysplastic syndrome, the diagnosis standards of this disease experienced a leap in essence: from a single standard of morphological test in FAB to multiple detecting means in WHO standard of 2008, flow cytometry has been proposed as an adjunctive diagnostic test in the 2007 Vienna standards and the 2008 WHO standards. Recently, A heterogeneous spectrum of immunophenotypic abnormalities have been reported in MDS, and some of which are of great significance to the diagnosis, classification, prognosis assessment, and treatment of the disease. In the year of 2003, a flow cytometric scoring system (FCSS) was built to evaluate the prognosis of MDS patients, which was able to qualify the phenotypic aberrancies in the myelomonocytic, erythroid, and megakaryocytic lineage. It filled the gap of the international prognostic scoring system (IPSS) and the WHO classification-based prognostic scoring system (WPSS), and was of great value to the clinical diagnosis and treatment of MDS. In this article, the value of MDS immunophenotyping in diagnosis and prognosis evaluation of MDS is reviewed in term of MDS immunophenotypic abnormalities and flow cytometric scoring system.
Flow Cytometry ; Humans ; Immunophenotyping ; Myelodysplastic Syndromes ; classification ; diagnosis ; immunology ; Prognosis

Bone marrow morphology and karyotyping are effective ways to diagnose myelodysplastic syndromes. However, there are still many patients without these two abnormalities. Recently, there are considerable amount of evidence showing that flow cytometric immunophenotyping is a good approach to detect the abnormal differentiation and maturation of different cell lines and maturation stages of bone marrow cells in MDS patients. The highly reproducible results allow to distinguish MDS from other non-clonal hematocytopenia disorders and have a diagnostic advantage especially in case of low-risk MDS. Meanwhile, it showed a good correlation with the morphology and karyotyping, and with the International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS) playing a prognostic role. This article reviewed recent advances of research in this field such as the application of FCM in MDS detection, the correlation of FCM parameters with morphologic and cytogenetic diagnosis of MDS as well as the relationship of parameters with typing and prognosis of MDS and so on.
Flow Cytometry ; methods ; Humans ; Immunophenotyping ; Myelodysplastic Syndromes ; diagnosis ; immunology

Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) represents a heterogeneous group of myeloid malignancies characterized by abnormal differentiation and maturation of myeloid cells, bone marrow failure, and a genetic instability with enhanced risk to transform to acute myeloid leukemia. Many factors influence on the prognosis of MDS. The prognosis of MDS subtypes has been changing with the application of World Health Organization (WHO) classification and different new prognostic scoring system, the technology development of cytogenetics and flow cytometry, and the advent of new drugs. A series of recent literatures are summarized on different prognostic factors of MDS. In this review, the controversy in application of WHO classification, MDS prognosis in relation with prognostic scoring system, cytogenetics, immunophenotype and therapeutics were discussed.
Humans ; Immunophenotyping ; Myelodysplastic Syndromes ; classification ; diagnosis ; genetics ; Prognosis

Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Immunophenotyping ; Leukemia, Large Granular Lymphocytic ; classification ; immunology