53,010 tests of RIA implemented during 1/1992- 10/1996 including 45,210 tests of HBsAg, 4,764 anti-HBs, 1,119 HBeAg, 1325 anti-HBe and 1,358 anti HBc to evaluate the frequent of HBsAg, double infection of HBV and HCV in the chronic hepatitis and the changes of markers of hepatitis B in persons carrying the chronic HBsAg. The results have shown that the frequent of the hepatitis B viral infection was very high and the double infection of HBV and HCV was common in patients with the chronic hepatitis
Hepatitis B ; Immunologic Techniques

A study aimed at application of the radio-immunological technique to monitor the changes of markers of HBV in the natural progress of the chronic HBsAg from which to find persons having the risk of severe complication. 50 patients carrying the chronic HBsAg without the clinical menifestation were tested four times every 10 months to evaluate the changes of markers of HBV. The results have shown that the patients had the antibody immunological response during the chronic HBsAg carrage.. The anti-HBc IgG was possitive in 100% patients through 4 times of tests.
Hepatitis B ; Immunologic Techniques

BACKGROUND: Fecal occult blood tests have been widely used for colorectal cancer screening. In recent years, many laboratories have used automated fecal occult blood test analyzers using immunologic techniques for convenience, fast reporting and quantitative handling. Hemo Techt NS-Plus C15 (NS-Plus C) (Alfresa pharma Co., Japan) is a newly-introduced automated fecal occult blood test analyzer using colloidal gold agglutination methods. We evaluated the performance of NS-Plus C. METHODS: The linearity, precision and carry-over rate of NS-Plus C were evaluated. We performed parallel test between NS-Plus C and HM-JACK (Kyowa Medix Co., Japan) using 219 stool specimens. RESULTS: The linearity was good (R2=0.998) and coefficient of variation (CVs) of within-day precision were 2.61% and 2.07% in low and high concentration, and between-day CVs for each group were 3.18% and 1.63%, respectively. Carry over rate was 0% and concordance rate between NS-Plus C and HM-JACK was 98.6%. CONCLUSIONS: NS-Plus C showed good performance for linearity, precision, carry over rate and comparison study. Therefore, this is believed to be a highly reliable measurement system for fecal occult blood test.
Agglutination ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; Gold Colloid ; Handling (Psychology) ; Immunologic Techniques ; Mass Screening ; Occult Blood

Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) contribute a lot to the development of numerous fields in life science as a pivotal tool in modern biological research. Development of the PCR methods and maturation of antibody production have made it possible to generate mAbs from single human B cells by single cell RT-PCR with successional cloning and expression in vitro. Compared to traditional monoclonal antibody technologies, single B cell technologies require relatively fewer cells, which are highly efficient in obtaining specific mAbs in a rapid way with preservation of the natural heavy and light chain pairing. With so many advantages, single B cell technologies have been proved to be an attractive approach for retrieval of naive and antigen-experienced antibody repertoires generated in vivo, design of rationale structure-based vaccine, evaluation and development of basic B cell biology concepts in health and autoimmunity, and prevention of infectious diseases by passive immunization and therapy for disorders. Accordingly, this review introduced recent progresses in the single B cell technologies for generating monoclonal antibodies and applications.
Antibodies, Monoclonal ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; immunology ; Antibody Specificity ; B-Lymphocytes ; cytology ; immunology ; metabolism ; Humans ; Immunologic Techniques

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), such as anti-PD-1 and anti-PD-L1 Abs, have shown efficacy for the treatment of various cancers. Although research has actively sought to develop new ICIs and immunomodulators, no efficient in vitro assay system is available to evaluate their functional activities. In the present study, we established a two-round MLR with human PBMCs for evaluation of the T cell-activating capacity of anti-PD-1 and other immunomodulators. We initially performed conventional MLR for this purpose. However, anti-PD-1 blocking Abs could not increase the proliferation of allo-reactive T cells in conventional MLR because PD-L1+ and PD-L2+ cells disappeared gradually during MLR. Therefore, we re-applied the same stimulator PBMCs to the allo-stimulated responder cells as a second-round MLR on day 6 when anti-PD-1 or immunomodulators were also added. In this two-round MLR, the proliferation of allo-reactive T cells was enhanced by anti-PD-1 in a dose-dependent manner or by immunomodulators, such as lenalidomide and galunisertib, a TGF-β receptor-1 inhibitor. Proliferation was further increased by the combination of immunomodulators with anti-PD-1. Here, we established a modified two-round MLR method with human PBMCs for evaluation of the functional activities of anti-PD-1 and immunomodulators.
Humans ; Immunologic Factors* ; In Vitro Techniques ; Lymphocyte Culture Test, Mixed* ; Methods ; T-Lymphocytes

By recent advance of immunologic techniques, it made possible to measure the immune cells and NK cell activity in peripheral blood of various immune altered eonditions. NK cell activity is related not only to malignancies but also to viral infectiona. The facts that the impairment of cell mediated immunity inducea the herpes zoster infection and frequent association with herpes zoster in the patienta with malignancy promote author to atudy the alteration of immune cells and NK cell activity in peripheral block. So author evaluated irnmune cells and NK cell activity of 18 patients with berpes zoster. The results are as follows; 1. The mean value of T cells, T cells showed significant differences between patients group(58.4-i-6.9%, 33.7-+11.7%) and normal healthy control group (68. 6+ 4. 7yo, 44. 2+-7. 0%) but T,' and B cells showecl no significant between patientagroup(6.9-+2.4%, 12.5+-5.7%) and.controlgroup(7.8-1.5%, 13.9-+2.3g%), statistically. 2. The mean value of NK cell activity in patients with herpes zoster group (62. 9+-ll. 2%) showed no significance cornpaired with the mean value of normal healthy control group(57. 9+-l4. 8%), statiatically.
B-Lymphocytes ; Herpes Zoster* ; Humans ; Immunity, Cellular ; Immunologic Techniques ; Killer Cells, Natural* ; T-Lymphocytes

With the application of monoclonal antibody technology more and more widely, its production technology is becoming more and more perfect. Small molecule monoclonal antibody technology is becoming a hot research topic for people. The application of traditional Chinese medicine small molecule monoclonal antibody technology has been more and more widely, the technology for effective Chinese medicine component knockout provide strong technical support. The preparation of monoclonal antibodies and small molecule knockout technology are reviewed in this paper. The preparation of several steps, such as: in the process of preparation of antigen, hapten carrier coupling, coupling ratio determination and identification of artificial antigen and establishment of animal immunization and hybridoma cell lines of monoclonal antibody, the large-scale preparation; small molecule monoclonal antibody on Immune in affinity chromatography column method is discussed in detail. The author believes that this technology will make the traditional Chinese medicine research on a higher level, and improve the level of internationalization of Chinese medicine research.
Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; chemistry ; genetics ; immunology ; Humans ; Hybridomas ; metabolism ; Immunologic Techniques ; methods ; trends

Immediate-type drug hypersensitivity is an increasingly significant clinical issue; however, the diagnosis is frequently hindered due to lack of safe and precise diagnostic tests. Flow cytometry-assisted basophil activation test is a safe in vitro diagnostic tool for assessing basophil activation upon allergen stimulation. In this review, we have summarized current literature on the diagnostic utilities, new indications, and methodological aspects of the basophil activation test for the diagnosis of drug hypersensitivity.
Basophils ; Diagnosis ; Diagnostic Tests, Routine ; Drug Hypersensitivity ; Immunologic Tests ; In Vitro Techniques

Malaria is a major parasitic disease in tropical areas. Three to five hundred million people suffer from the disease and it kill a million people per year. Blood smear observation was developed for the diagnosis of malaria, but the examination needs skilled experts and exact diagnosis is time consuming. A kit based on immunochromatography can be a reliable and rapid method for clinical diagnosis, even in the hands of inexperienced personnel. However, all such currently developed kits can only diagnose P. falciparum malaria. In our previous report, the C-terminal region of P. vivax merozoite surface protein 1 (PvcMSP) was cloned and expressed in E. coli. In the present study, we developed an immunochromatographic kit using this PvcMSP for the diagnosis of specific antibody to P. vivax malaria in serum samples. The kit was used to examine sera from vivax malaria patients and non-malaria-infected person and the test showed 100% sensitivity (78/78) and 98.3% specificity (58/59). This result demonstrated that the immunochromatographic kit for P. vivax antibody detection is applicable for the rapid and precise diagnosis of P. vivax malaria.
Animals ; Antibodies, Protozoan/*analysis ; *Chromatography ; Human ; *Immunologic Techniques ; Korea ; Malaria, Vivax/*parasitology ; Plasmodium vivax/*immunology ; *Reagent Kits, Diagnostic/*standards

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The diagnosis of allergic rhinitis due to specific antibody is essentially dependent upon the patients' clinical histories, physical examinations, skin test results, and especially on the immunological technique in vitro used for the detection for specific IgE antibody in serum. However, some patients with positive results from nasal provocation tests with allergen can have the negative results from skin tests and the immunological technique in vitro. Therefore, systemic allergic reactions are not completely correlative to those of the localized allergy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was therefore designed to explore the relationship between RAST (radioallergosorbent test) results in nasal secretion of 6 localized allergic patients and 10 controls (5 systemic allergic and 5 non-allergic patients). The nasal secretion was collected by nasal suction method each in three groups before and 20 minutes after antigen (Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus) nasal spray, respectively. RESULTS: There were negative RAST results in nasal secretion of localized allergic patients and controls (5 non- allergy patients) before the antigen nasal spray but, positive RAST results in those of localized allergic patients and controls (5 systemic allergic patients) after the antigen nasal spray. This means that there was statistically a significant difference between localized allergic patients and controls of non-allergy patients after the antigen nasal spray (p<0.01). CONCLUSION: We suggest that localized al1ergic reaction is a specific antigen-antibody allergic immunologic reaction and RAST in nasal secretion is good assistant diagnostic technique in localized allergy.
Diagnosis ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; Immunoglobulin E ; Immunologic Techniques ; Nasal Provocation Tests ; Physical Examination ; Rhinitis* ; Skin Tests* ; Skin* ; Suction