Cell-mediated immune response is an important part of machinery in maintaining the body's homeostasis. After the innate immune system selectively activates the adaptive immune system, the cell-mediated immunity exerts its killing and clearance functions. Therefore, evaluating the level of cell-mediated immune response is crucial in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer, monitoring the immune status after organ transplantation, diagnosing and preventing viral diseases, and evaluating the effectiveness of vaccines and other areas. From the initial overall assessment of the immune effects in vivo to the precise detection of the number and function of multiple immune cells, the evaluation methods of cell-mediated immune response have greatly advanced. However, cell-mediated immune response involves multiple levels in the body, and it's difficult to choose the numerous detection methods available. The article systematically compares the evaluation methods of cell-mediated immune response at four different levels: the organism, the tissue and organ, the immune cells and the immune molecules, with the aim to facilitate the applications of related technologies.
Humans ; Immunity, Cellular ; Neoplasms/therapy* ; Immunity, Innate

No abstract available.
Humans ; Immunity, Humoral* ; Sputum*

From Aug 2001 to April 2002, a cross-sectional study was performed on 245 HIV infected patients living in community in Hanoi, by cytometric method using FACS-CALIBUR machine to count TCD4 and TCD8 lymphocytes. The control groups composes of 23 healthy persons. Results were as follows: Aged of patients: 16-50 among them the 21-30 age group accounts for 65.3%, male gender 90.6%. The absolute count of lympho cells in the patients group is lower than control, with the count of lymphocyte and the percentage of TCD4 lower significantly and 21.6% of patients having TCD4 lymphocyte count < 200/mm3. In the patient group, TCD8 lymphocytes count and its percentage is higher significantly than that of control group. 7.8% patients have occupational infection that the main is tuberculosis 59.7%, zona 15.8%, their 10.5% acquiring waisting syndrome.
HIV, Immunity ; Cells

No abstract available.
Humans ; Immunity, Cellular* ; Lung*

No abstract available.
Genetic Markers* ; Immunity, Cellular*

No Abstract available.
Hypersensitivity* ; Immunity, Innate*

Autophagy is a highly conserved mechanism for material degradation and recycling in eukaryote cells, and plays important roles in growth, development, stress tolerance and immune responses. ATG10 plays a key role in autophagosome formation. To understand the function of ATG10 in soybean, two homologous GmATG10 genes, namely GmATG10a and GmATG10b, were silenced simultaneously by bean pod mottle virus (BPMV) induced gene silencing. The carbon starvation induced by dark treatment and Western blotting analysis of GmATG8 accumulation level indicated that concurrent silencing GmATG10a/10b resulted in the impairment of autophagy in soybean; disease resistance and kinase assays demonstrated that GmATG10a/10b participated in the immune responses by negatively regulating the activation of GmMPK3/6, indicating that GmATG10a/10b plays a negative regulatory role in immune response in soybean.
Soybeans/genetics* ; Immunity

Group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3) are an ILC subset that is characterized by the expression of retinoic acid-related orphan nuclear receptor γt (RORγt) and interleukin 22 (IL-22). This review summarizes the role of ILC3 in coordinating innate immunity and adaptive immunity based on current research and elaborate the significance of ILC3 from the perspective of immune system evolution. In addition, based on immune-related functions, we propose a possible time when ILC3 appears in the evolution of the immune system. And then, the research limitations and prospects are discussed.
Immunity, Innate ; Lymphocytes ; Tretinoin

Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is characterized by persistent symptomatic inflammation of the nasal and paranasal sinus mucosa resulting from the interaction of multiple host and environmental factors. Although the etiology of CRS remains a matter of vigorous debate, research into CRS has implicated that the epithelium plays an important role as both a mediator and a regulator of innate and adaptive immune responses, as well as the transition from innate immunity to adaptive immunity. Recently, alterations of epithelial barrier functions, dysregulation of the innate immune system and inappropriate activation of the adaptive immune system have been identified as active processes in the pathogenesis of CRS. This review summarizes recent emerging evidence regarding the underlying pathogenic mechanism in CRS, which highlights the increasing recognition of the epithelium as a central factor in CRS etiology and pathogenesis.
Adaptive Immunity ; Epithelium* ; Immune System ; Immunity, Innate ; Inflammation ; Mucous Membrane

Hepatitis B ; etiology ; immunology ; therapy ; Humans ; Immunity, Cellular ; Immunity, Innate