No abstract available.
Hypercapnia* ; Respiratory Insufficiency*

No abstract available.
Hypercapnia* ; Respiratory Insufficiency*

No abstract available.
Hypercapnia* ; Respiration, Artificial*

Malfunction of the unidirectional valve in a breathing circuit system may cause hypercapnia from the rebreathing of expired gas, ventilation failure, and barotrauma. Capnography is a useful method for monitoring the integrity of the unidirectional valve. We experienced two cases of malfunction of a unidirectional valve which caused leakage and reverse flow, diagnosed early as a change of the capnographic waveform. One case was caused by expiratory unidirectional valve breakage. The other was caused by an incorrectly-assembled inspiratory unidirectional valve.
Barotrauma ; Capnography ; Hypercapnia ; Respiration ; Ventilation

Interventional lung assist (iLA) effectively reduces CO2 retention and allows protective ventilation in cases of life-threatening hypercapnia. Despite the clinical efficacy of iLA, there are a few major limitations associated with the use of this approach, such as bleeding, thrombosis, and catheter-related limb ischemia. We presented two cases in which thrombotic complications developed during iLA. We demonstrated the two possible causes of thrombotic complications during iLA; stasis due to low blood flow and inadequate anticoagulation.
Extremities ; Hemorrhage ; Hypercapnia ; Ischemia ; Lung* ; Thrombosis ; Ventilation

No abstract available.
Continuous Positive Airway Pressure* ; Hypercapnia* ; Pneumonia* ; Pulmonary Edema*

No abstract available.
Continuous Positive Airway Pressure ; Hypercapnia ; Pneumonia ; Pulmonary Edema

There are many reports of ventricular arrhythmias following the injection of epinephrine under general anesthesia with halothane or cyclopropane. Raventos reported that catecholamines given animals during chloroform, cyclopropane or halothane anesthesia have caused ventricular arrhythmias which sometimes developed into ventricular fibrillation. But there are a few reports of atrial arrhythmias in patients under general anesthesia with alone halothane. While it is known that hypercapnia can elicit arrhythmia during halothane anesthesia, Black and coworkers that hypercapnia of 60 to 140mmHg (average 92mmHg) is necessary for the occurrence of arrhythmias during halothane anesthesia. Hellewell and Potts reported 12 cases of arrhythmias under halothane anesthesia which were treated by propranolol, producing a return of sinus rhythm in an average time of 46 seconds. The authors reported one case with atrial arrhythmias induced by halothane anesthesia, which were arrested by the IV injection of 5mg of tolamolo, beta-receptor blocking agent. Thereafter arrhythmias did not reappear.
Anesthesia* ; Anesthesia, General ; Animals ; Arrhythmias, Cardiac* ; Catecholamines ; Chloroform ; Epinephrine ; Halothane* ; Humans ; Hypercapnia ; Propranolol ; Ventricular Fibrillation

Congenital tracheal stenosis is a rare life-threatening obstruction in infancy and childhood. Symptoms are ranged from recurrent stridor and wheezing to severe respiratory compromise and hypercarbia. If the patient with tracheal stenosis, who has hypercarbia, is hyperventilated to maintain normocarbia, air is trapped in the lung and the risk of pulmonary barotrauma is increased. Cardiopulmonary-bypass is recommended for this patient to have corrective surgery. Permissive hypercapnia is proposed for the mechanical ventilation of patients with severe tracheal stenosis before cardiopulmonary-bypass.
Barotrauma ; Carbon Dioxide ; Humans ; Hypercapnia ; Lung ; Respiration, Artificial ; Respiratory Sounds ; Tracheal Stenosis*

BACKGROUND: Anesthetists participating in laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) with CO2 pneumoperitoneum has been cautious about adapting low-flow anesthesia (LFA). We investigated the efficacy of LFA compared to high-flow anesthesia (HFA) in LC. METHODS: Eighty patients undergoing LC were randomly assigned to one of the two groups (n = 40 each). In LFA, 1 L/min (50% O2 and N2O) of the total fresh gas flow (FGF) was used, whereas 4 L/min of the total FGF was used for HFA. Inspiratory and expiratory concentrations of O2, N2O, CO2, and sevoflurane were serially measured. Subjects were monitored for heart rate, blood pressure, and any procedural complications. RESULTS: None of the patients experienced any episodes of hypoxia, hypercapnia, and arrhythmia in both groups. The maximal end-tidal CO2 was 40.9 +/- 3.9 mmHg in LFA and 38.2 +/- 3.6 mmHg in HFA, respectively. The minimal O2 saturation was 98.3 +/- 0.6% in LFA and 98.8 +/- 0.7% in HFA, respectively. The inspiratory CO2 concentrations in both groups were all less than 1 mmHg throughout the anesthesia. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, LFA with sevoflurane using FGF of 1 L/min with setting of 50% O2 and N2O for LC could be performed safely without the risk of complications like hypercapnia, hypoxia, or arrhythmia compared to HFA.
Anesthesia* ; Anoxia ; Arrhythmias, Cardiac ; Blood Pressure ; Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic* ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Hypercapnia ; Laparoscopy ; Pneumoperitoneum