To study the chemical constituents from the stems and leaves of Humulus scandens, this study isolated thirteen compounds by different chromatographic methods including silica gel column, ODS, Sephadex LH-20 and preparative HPLC. Based on comprehensive analysis, the chemical structures were elucidated and identified as citrunohin A(1), chrysosplenetin(2), casticin(3), neoechinulin A(4), ethyl 1H-indole-3-carboxylate(5), 3-hydroxyacetyl-indole(6),(1H-indol-3-yl) oxoacetamide(7), inonotusic acid(8), arteannuin B(9), xanthotoxol(10), α-tocopherol quinone(11), eicosanyl-trans-p-coumarate(12), and 9-oxo-(10E,12E)-octadecadienoic acid(13). Among them, compound 1 was a new dihydrochalcone, and the other compounds were obtained from H. scandens for the first time.
Humulus ; Chalcones ; Indoles ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/chemistry*

PURPOSE: To design novel balance tests to assess FAI and evaluate whether these tests are affected by BMI or gender, with the goal of developing reliable FAI assessment tests that are not influenced by these factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Participants included 20 young, healthy volunteers, 12 males and 8 females, with a mean age of 24+/-4 years and a mean BMI of 23+/-2.28. None of the subjects had known ankle instability. The following tests were assessed in each participant: single leg balance (SLB), percentage of leg press (PLP), single leg cycling (SLC), one leg squat (OLS), multiple direction reach-front/back/side (MDR-F/B/S), single leg hop (SLH), two leg jump (TLJ) and side step (SS). Data were analyzed using the SPSS 12.0 software program with ANOVA and t-test used. RESULTS: When grouped by BMI, we found that despite differences in BMI, the performances of all subjects were equivalent except for the one-leg-squat test, for which the mean ratios for underweight (1.69+/-0), normal weight (1.05+/-0.19), and overweight (0.93+/-0.30) individuals were significantly different (p=0.02); ratios for SLB (p=0.273), SLC (p=0.903), PLP (p=0.664), MDR-F/B/S (p=0.498, 0.908, and 0.503, respectively), SLH (p=0.332) were not significantly different. When calculated according to gender, we found that the OLS (p=0.013) and MDRS (p=0.034) were significantly different, while parameters for all the remaining tests were not affected. CONCLUSION: We found that the SLB, PLP, SLC, MDR-F/B, and SLH ratios were unaffected by BMI or sex and, therefore, are reliable parameters for assessing ankle instability.
Animals ; Ankle ; Female ; Humans ; Humulus ; Leg ; Male ; Overweight ; Thinness

PURPOSE: The purpose of this clinical study was to compare the outcomes of anteromedial and anterolateral trans-tibial approachs in arthroscopic PCL reconstruction. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between January 2004 and December 2007, 40 patients (40 knees, which underwent PCL reconstruction, with a follow-up of more than 1.6 years) were surveyed in the areas of clinical and radiographic results and individual satisfaction. Forty knees with isolated PCL rupture were reviewed retrospectively. They were divided into two groups of equal size according to the transtibial approach used: anteromedial or anterolateral. The evaluation parameters included activities and functional outcomes using the Lysholm and Tegner score, single leg hop test and individual satisfaction using the IKDC score. Radiographic results were analyzed using the posterior drawer radiography with manual methods and the Telos device, and the changes in the tibial tunnel diameter were measured. RESULTS: Both groups showed improvements in the Lysholm and Tegner score. Both groups showed improvements in the single leg hop test. As far as individual satisfaction evaluation using the IKDC score was concerned, 85% of cases in both groups improved to nearly normal. Both groups showed improvements on the posterior drawer radiography. Tibial tunnel enlargement was also seen. The results of both groups demonstrated no statistically significant difference. CONCLUSION: Both groups showed improvements in the clinical and radiographic results and in the individual satisfaction score. However, results of both groups demonstrated no statistically significant difference. Therefore, the long term results need to be studied.
Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Humulus ; Knee ; Leg ; Retrospective Studies ; Rupture

Rho iso-alpha acids-rich extract (RIAA) from Humulus lupulus (hops) and proanthocyanidins-rich extracts (PAC) from Acacia nilotica exert anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic activity in vitro and in vivo. We hypothesized that a combination of these two extracts would exert enhanced effects in vitro on inflammatory markers and insulin signaling, and on nonfasting glucose and insulin in db/db mice. Over 49 tested combinations, RIAA:PAC at 5:1 (6.25 microg/mL) exhibited the greatest reductions in TNFalpha-stimulated lipolysis and IL-6 release in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, comparable to 5 microg/mL troglitazone. Pretreatment of 3T3-L1 adipocytes with this combination (5 microg/mL) also led to a 3-fold increase in insulin-stimulated glucose uptake that was comparable to 5 microg/mL pioglitazone or 901 microg/mL aspirin. Finally, db/db mice fed with RIAA:PAC at 5:1 (100 mg/kg) for 7 days resulted in 22% decrease in nonfasting glucose and 19% decrease in insulin that was comparable to 0.5 mg/kg rosiglitazone and better than 100 mg/kg metformin. RIAA:PAC mixture may have the potential to be an alternative when conventional therapy is undesirable or ineffective, and future research exploring its long-term clinical application is warranted.
Acacia ; Adipocytes ; Animals ; Aspirin ; Chromans ; Glucose ; Humulus ; Insulin ; Insulin Resistance ; Interleukin-6 ; Lipolysis ; Metformin ; Mice ; Thiazolidinediones

PURPOSE: Recent development in ultrasonic Doppler instrumentation have allowed the direct noninvasive assessment of human renal artery blood flow. The authors conducted this study to assess noninvasive characterization of normal renal artery blood flow variables hopping to establish standards in normal children. METHODS: A total 97 normal Subjects(below the age 3 years) were examinated using by 2-D and doppler echocardiography. RESULTS: 1) Renal artery diameter increased with age and no difference was found between the Rt and Lt. 2) Renal blood flow increased with but the rate of increase was not constant in a 11 children, the older the children, the more variences were found in renal blood flow and no difference was noted between the Rt and Lt. 3) Pourcelot's index was not significantly different among 3 groups not between the Rt and Lt. 4) Renal artery diameter, renal arterial flow velocity integral, renal blood flow per minutes correlated with age, weight, height body surface area and weigh had the highest correlation among the physical variables. CONCLUSIONS: Authors are reporting normal renal blood flow variables in children and we hope it will be helpful for evaluationg renal hemodynamic changes.
Body Surface Area ; Child* ; Echocardiography, Doppler ; Hemodynamics ; Hope ; Humans ; Humulus ; Renal Artery ; Renal Circulation* ; Ultrasonics

Attitude on smoking and drinking among group of salary earners comprised of 400 primary, middle, and highschool teachers, bankers and public servants who serviced in Kwang Ju city area, was studied during the period of a month may to June 1969. The results obtained were summarized as follows; 1. 144 persons (36.0%) out of 400 salary earner were smoking cigarettes, and, in sex, 0.7%(1 out of 137) was shown in female and 54.3%(143 out of 263) was in male. 2. more than half of the smokers(59.0%) smoked 11-20 pieces of cigarettes a day, and 36.8% did less than 10 pieces, 1.4% did 21-30 pieces a day. 3. 175 persons (43.7%) out of 400 total interviews liked to drink, and in sex 63.8% for male and 2.7% for female. 4. On the quantity of drinking Makkuli (special Korean alcoholic beverage, containing 2-4% alcohol) 114 persons (65.1%) showed less than 5 Hop and 37 persons (21.1%) showed 6-10 Hop, and 10.3% showed 11-20 Hop, and 2.9% liked to drink more than 20 Hop.
Alcoholic Beverages ; Drinking* ; Female ; Gwangju ; Humans ; Humulus ; Male ; Salaries and Fringe Benefits* ; Smoke* ; Smoking* ; Tobacco Products

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction is frequently performed to restore knee stability and function following ACL injury. Little is known about the outcome differences between man and women patients after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was compared between the genders after a minimum of 1 year following arthroscopic ACL reconstruction. Between 2012 and 2015, 30 men (mean age, 27.0+/-8.7 years) and 30 women (mean age, 25.3+/-7.2 years) who had undergone primary ACL reconstructions were recruited from Samsung Medical Centers. We assessed the knee laxity using the KT-2000 arthrometer, and subjective functional questionnaire was assessed with the Lysholm score and International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) subject score. Also we had measured the performance test which is single-leg hop test. As a result, no significant gender differences were found at knee laxity and knee Lyshlom and IKDC score. However, there is significantly difference between men and women with only single-leg hop test. Compared to male patients, female patients reported significantly less single-leg hop distance and less improvement 1 year after reconstruction. Subjective criteria failed to detect clinically significant differences in KT-2000 arthrometer, and subjective functional questionnaire result between men and women. However, we had found that women got less hop distance than men which means more safety functional test must be required before returning to sports.
Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction* ; Anterior Cruciate Ligament* ; Female ; Humans ; Humulus ; Knee* ; Male ; Sports

PURPOSE: To compare the short term clinical results of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction with autologous hamstring tendon between Rigid-fix and PINN-ACL Cross Pin for femoral side fixation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 127 patients who underwent arthroscopic ACL reconstruction using autologous hamstring tendon and had been followedup for over than one year were enrolled for the present study. Rigid-fix was used in 71 cases (group 1), and PINN-ACL Cross Pin was used in 56 cases (group 2). Clinical and radiological results, operation time, and perioperative complications were compared amongst the two groups. RESULTS: The International Knee Documentation Committee subjective score and Lysholm score were 94 and 95 in group 1 and 87 and 91 in group 2, with no statistical difference (p=0.892, p=0.833), respectively. However, significant difference was observed in one-leg hop test between the two groups (p=0.032). Five cases in group 1 and 40 cases in group 2 were found to be associated with perioperative complications with statistical difference (p<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: There was no resultant difference between the employment of PINN-ACL Cross Pin and Rigid-fix as femoral graft fixation for ACL reconstruction with hamstring tendon. However, PINN-ACL Cross Pin led to complications with extensive operation times. Hence, it needs further improvement of tools for minimization of complications.
Anterior Cruciate Ligament ; Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction ; Employment ; Humans ; Humulus ; Knee ; Tendons ; Transplants

PURPOSE: To evaluate the restoration of the flexor power and the correlation between the flexor power and functional performance tests (FPTs) after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction with hamstring autograft. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-three men, who underwent ACL reconstruction with hamstring autograft, were evaluated using Lysholm, Subjective IKDC, Tegner activity score, isokinetic flexion and hyperflexion power test, and the FPTs at 1 and 2-year follow-up. We analyzed the mean change from 1 to 2 year and the correlation between both the flexion and hyperflexion power deficit with the FPTs at each follow-up. RESULTS: Mean age of the patients was 30.9 years (range, 19 to 44). Tegner activity score was significantly increased from 5.7 to 6.3 (p=.010). Hyperflexion power of the involved knee deficits significantly decreased at 2 year follow-up compared with 1 year (p<.001). There was a correlation between the flexor power deficit and the co-contraction, carioca, and involved one-legged hop test at each follow-up. However, no significant correlations were revealed between the hyperflexion power deficit and the FPTs. CONCLUSIONS: Hyperflexion power deficit after ACL reconstruction with the hamstring autograft decreased at 2 year follow-up compared to 1 year and does not affect the results of the FPTs.
Anterior Cruciate Ligament ; Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Humulus ; Knee ; Male

To control the quality of Humulus scandens, the quality standard was established in this study. According to the method recorded in the Appendix of Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2010 Edition) , the water and ash inspections were carried out. The component luteoloside and cosmosiin in Humulus scandens were identified and assayed by TLC and HPLC. The results showed a strong characteristics microscopic of Humulus scandens, and trichoromethane-methanol-formic acid (10: 3: 0. 3) as the mobile phase of TLC, the spots at 365 nm with a UV lamp was clear. The 16 batches of samples were analyzed by HPLC with a gradient elution of acetonitrile and phosphate solution (0.2%) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL · min(-1) and detected at 350 nm. The content of luteoloside was 0.015%- 0.651% (average 0.148%); the content of cosmosiin was 0.003%-0.118% (average 0.036%). The linear calibration curve of luteoloside and cosmosiin was acquired in the ranges of 0.011-0.364 g · L(-1) (r = 1.000 0) and 0.003-0.096 g · L(-1) (r = 1.000 0), respectively. The average recovery was 100.5% and 98.5%, respectively. The methods are convenient and reliable, which can be ap- plied for quality assessment of Humulus scandens.
China ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; standards ; Humulus ; anatomy & histology ; chemistry ; Quality Control