Background: Women are crucial leaders of the Alliance of People's Organizations Along Manggahan Floodway (APOAMF), a federation of people's organizations in Pasig City who have successfully implemented their People's Plan for in-city housing. As leaders of their federation, they are also leaders of their community's struggle. Objective: This paper aims to outline the contributions of the women leaders of APOAMF to their successful People's Plan and to examine the ways in which their participation in this struggle affected their daily lives. Methodology: The study followed a feminist methodology in its use of a focus group discussion with five APO-AMF women leaders and four APO-AMF women members. The questions were designed to elicit stories of women's participation and leadership during the overall community experience of organizing for their right to decent housing. In addition to the initial questions provided by the researcher, the women took control of the narrative even beyond the prepared questions, leading to a co-creation and re-presentation of their story. The research findings were theoretically discussed using the framework of women-centered community organizing. Results: Over the course of their involvement in the struggle for housing, women experienced a personal journey towards becoming established community leaders. They became involved because they saw it as an opportunity for service, wanted to secure a decent home for their family, and understood the need for safe and secure housing. They contributed to the struggle through various acts of leading and organizing their community, engaging in dialogue internally and externally, and emotionally nurturing their community to persist in their struggle. These contributions also highlighted the difference between women and men in community leadership. On the other hand, this struggle also exacted a toll on the women leaders. The women noted that they sacrificed time at home, time with family, and time for one's self. In the tension between contribution and sacrifice, the women often resolved this by highlighting the reality that their struggle was for the good of the whole community, not just for themselves; that the whole organization would benefit, not just their family. Conclusion The provision of safe and decent housing must truly empower women in both the public and private spheres. Even as women are capable community leaders in the public sphere, they also retain duties in the private sphere–culminating in a double burden for these women leaders. Community organizing then, aside from raising the consciousness of the people regarding the issue, must also include raising awareness on gender roles and dynamics.
Women ; Housing

No abstract available.
Environmental Health* ; Housing* ; Life Style*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify levels of cognitive distortion, depression, and gambling severity and to identify the influences of cognitive distortion and depression on gambling severity in Koreans with a gambling disorder. METHODS: The participants in this study were 150 Koreans with a gambling disorder. Data were collected using self-report structured questionnaires which included individual characteristics, the Gambling Related Cognitions Scale, the Center for the Epidemiologic Studies Depression, and the Problem Gambling Severity Index. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and multiple regression. RESULTS: Gambling severity had a significant correlation with gambling related cognitions scale-perceived inability to stop gambling (r=.29, p<.001) and depression (r=.34, p<.001). Among predictors, depression (β=.24, p=.035) and type of housing tenure (β=.26, p=.022) had statistically significant influence on gambling severity. The explanatory power of this regression model was 17.0% (F=3.72, p=.003). CONCLUSION: The findings from this study indicate that interventions to decrease depression are essential to decrease the gambling severity of Koreans with gambling disorder.
Cognition ; Depression* ; Epidemiologic Studies ; Gambling* ; Housing

INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this study is to define the attributable factors related to the marital satisfaction of the professional airmen working for a commercial airlines. METHODS: Data was collected from the all professional civil airline pilots by using self-administrative questionnaire during the three months(2000. 1. 3 - 3. 31). The response rate was 95.2%(472). RESULTS: First, there were statistically significant differences in marital satisfaction by type of religion, in sexual satisfaction by type of housing, work duration, and flying hours. However, there were no significant variables in communication. Second, communication, sexual satisfaction, and number of female kids, and work duration were significantly correlated to marital satisfaction. There was significant correlation between sexual satisfaction and communication, marital years, and work duration. There was also statistical correlation among marital years, number of male kids, female kids, and total number of kids, work duration, and flying hours. Third, communication was the most significant attributable variable, and following sexual satisfaction related to marital satisfaction. CONCLUSION: It is intended that these finding will contribute to assisting the social work practices. It is necessary for the aircrew to develop communication skill to provide a happy marital life. Future research needs to study various methods and psychosocial factors involving quality of marital life for the Korean aircrew.
Diptera ; Female ; Housing ; Humans ; Male ; Psychology ; Social Work ; Surveys and Questionnaires

A total of 11,395 animals were impounded in shelters in Seoul in 2013. The Animal Protection Division of the Seoul metropolitan government has annual contracts with local veterinary associations as well as Korean animal rescue and management organizations for providing shelter to animals, and collects monthly statistics from these groups. In 2013, the collected intake and outcome data for 25 districts were reviewed to analyze shelter capacity in terms of housing capacity (monthly daily average intake, required holding capacity, and adoption-driven capacity), staff capacity (staff hours required for daily care), and live release rate. Seasonal variations in the monthly daily average intake were observed, indicating that management of these shelters requires various strategies. This study was performed to analyze and interpret meaningful statistics for improving the efficiency of animal shelters in Seoul. However, inconsistent collection of animal statistics limited data compilation. Creation of a basic animal statistics matrix with reference to well-designed matrices from recognized professional animal shelters is essential. These complied statistical data will help plan for future animal shelter needs in Seoul.
Animal Welfare ; Animals ; Housing ; Local Government ; Seasons ; Seoul ; Statistics as Topic*

The purpose of this study was to provide basic data on preschool children of accident prevention and to improve their health through a sound, safe living environment with safety education established through more systematic methods. Data were collected from 516 preschoolers from 4 to 6 years old using APP paper test which consists of a question and drawing. The children's general characteristics and accident proneness prospect were investigated. The relationship between the children's general characteristics and the accident proneness prospect were analyzed. The findings of the study are as follows: 1. The institution which children attended had a significant difference in accordance with the living safety(p=.015) and behavior character(p=.033). 2. The housing pattern in which children lived had a significant difference in accordance with the movement speed(p=.027). 3. The children's age had a significant difference in accordance with the living safety(p=.002), traffic safety(p=.001), the reasoning power(p=.000), movement speed(p=.00), movement stability(p=.000) and attentional power (p=.000). 4. The children's sex had a significant difference in accordance with the movement stability and behavioral character(p=.003, p=.008). 5. The children's past accidental experience had a significant difference in accordance with the behavior character(p=.001). 6. General assessment of the APP test had a significant difference in accordance with the children's age(p=.000) and children's past accidental experience(p=.020).
Accident Prevention ; Accident Proneness* ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Education ; Housing ; Humans

OBJECTIVES: As the prevalence of elderly depression increases, it becomes urgent problem to provide preventive and management measures. But in practice, it is difficult to detect depression in early stage. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the association between sociodemographic factors and depression in elderly welfare facility users in a city. METHODS: In this research, the severity of depression and sociodemographic factors(gender, age, education, comorbid disease, housing type, number of children, number of family members living with the subjects) was evaluated through PHQ-9 and interview. Using the data, the associations of depression and sociodemographic factors were analyzed. Based on PHQ-9 depression cut-off value(10 points), the subjects were divided into two groups, and the difference of the variables between groups were analyzed statistically. RESULTS: ‘Own house’(YES/NO), education(less than elementary school graduation/more than elementary school graduation) were sociodemographic factors which showed significance difference in mean PHQ-9 scores. Group with Over PHQ-9 10 points showed less ‘having their own house’ and less education level than group with less PHQ-9 10 points. CONCLUSIONS: With this research, it is expected that the risk factors for the elderly depression can be understood and the measures for early detection and invention of elderly depression would be provided.
Aged* ; Child ; Depression* ; Education ; Housing ; Humans ; Inventions ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors

It is hypothesized that a number of environmental factors affect animals' behavior. Without controlling these variables, it is very hard for researchers to get not only reliable, but replicable data from various behavioral experiments testing animals' cognitive as well as emotional functions. For example, laboratory mice which had restricted environment showed different synaptic potentiation properties with wild mice (Zhao MG et al., 2009). While performing behavioral experiments, however, it is sometimes inevitable that the researcher changes the animals' environments, as by switching the cages in which experimental animals are housed and separating animals raised together into small experimental groups. In this study, we investigated the effect of environmental changes on mice's emotional behaviors by socially isolating them or reducing the size of their cage. We found that social isolation selectively increases the animals' levels of anxiety, while leaving depression-like behaviors unchanged. On the other hand, alteration of the housing dimensions affected neither their anxiety levels nor their depression-like behaviors. These results suggest that environmental variables may have a prominent impact on experimental animals' emotional behaviors and possibly their psychological states, leading to bias in the behavioral data produced from experiments.
Animals ; Anxiety ; Bias (Epidemiology) ; Hand ; Housing ; Mice ; Social Isolation

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to construct the clear definition of the concept 'self-reliance' among persons with psychiatric disabilities. METHODS: A hybrid model (comparative analysis between literature review findings and actual interview data) was employed to extract essential components of 'self-reliance' and develop its clear definition among those subjects. RESULTS: Self-reliance appeared to have complex nature and consist of multi-dimensional meaning units with 4 different levels (including 8 attributes and 21 indicators). 4 different levels of dimensions and their 8 attributes are suggested as follows: 1) Personal dimension (increasing insight, improving motivation for recovery); 2) Procedural dimension (encouraging empowerment and overcoming internalized stigma, self-esteem); 3) Institutional dimension (utilizing social and government support, formulating social-networks); 4) Consequential dimension (financial independence, planning for independent housing, self-determination). CONCLUSION: The findings of this study will contribute to developing valid measurements to examine self-reliance and establishing nursing interventions aiming at increasing self-reliance in persons with psychiatric disabilities.
Housing ; Humans ; Independent Living ; Motivation ; Nursing ; Power (Psychology)

Alveolar Process ; Housing ; Humans ; Incisor ; Maxilla ; Tooth Root