No abstract available.
Hand Strength*

No abstract available.
Hand Strength*

The hand coordinate systems for measuring vibration exposures and biodynamic responses have been standardized, but they are not actually used in many studies. This contradicts the purpose of the standardization. The objectives of this study were to identify the major sources of this problem, and to help define or identify better coordinate systems for the standardization. This study systematically reviewed the principles and definition methods, and evaluated typical hand coordinate systems. This study confirms that, as accelerometers remain the major technology for vibration measurement, it is reasonable to standardize two types of coordinate systems: a tool-based basicentric (BC) system and an anatomically based biodynamic (BD) system. However, these coordinate systems are not well defined in the current standard. Definition of the standard BC system is confusing, and it can be interpreted differently; as a result, it has been inconsistently applied in various standards and studies. The standard hand BD system is defined using the orientation of the third metacarpal bone. It is neither convenient nor defined based on important biological or biodynamic features. This explains why it is rarely used in practice. To resolve these inconsistencies and deficiencies, we proposed a revised method for defining the realistic handle BC system and an alternative method for defining the hand BD system. A fingertip-based BD system for measuring the principal grip force is also proposed based on an important feature of the grip force confirmed in this study.
Hand Strength ; Hand* ; Vibration*

Background: An accurate, quantifiable assessment of hand grip strength (HGS) can predict overall strength and health with a good predictor for identifying populations at higher risk for any medical conditions like rheumatoid arthritis, neuromuscular diseases and stroke that helps clinicians establish realistic treatment goals and provides treatment outcome data. The purpose of the study is to determine the percentile scores of HGS of healthy adult individuals of various age groups using Jamar dynamometer and modified sphygmomanometer. Methods: This descriptive study measures HGS using Jamar dynamometer and modified sphygmomanometer obtained from one hundred twenty healthy participants 20 years old and above. Comparative analyses of the 2 apparatuses were conducted using One-Way ANOVA. The reference intervals at different percentiles were calculated using the Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI) guidelines. Results: Grip strength (GS) using Jamar dynamometer (JD) and modified sphygmomanometer (MS) among younger (20- 29 years old) participants, the 50th percentile (Q2) JD score was 28.29 kg with an equivalent MS score of 161.38 mmHg, were significantly higher compared to those across older age groups especially among the ≥70 years old with a JD Q2 score of 16.74 kg and MS Q2 score of 101.33 mmHg. These findings suggest that HGS decreases with increasing age. Conclusion Scores obtained from this study can serve as preliminary baseline values or guide for interpreting GS measurements.
Hand Strength ; Sphygmomanometers

OBJECTIVE: To examine the intra-rater, inter-rater, and inter-instrumental reliability of the digitalized pinch muscle strength dynamometer. METHOD: Thirty normal subjects were examined for pinch strength, using both the Preston pinch gauge and the digitalized pinch dynamometer. The participants performed all pinch strength tests in the seated position as recommended by the American Society of Hand Therapists (ASHT). Three successive measurements were taken for each hand. The mean of the three trials was used for data analysis. The pinch strength tests performed used a repeated measure design and measurements were taken by each rater. RESULTS: The relationship between the Preston pinch gauge and the digitalized pinch dynamometer in pinch strength was reliable (the ICC were 0.821 and 0.785 in rater 1 and rater 2 respectively). The relationship between the first session and second session in pinch strength using the digitalized pinch dynamometer was reliable (the ICC were 0.872 and 0.886 in rater A and rater B respectively). The relationship between rater A and rater B in pinch strength using the digitalized pinch dynamometer was reliable (the ICC was 0.754). CONCLUSION: The pinch strength measurement using the digitalized pinch dynamometer is reliable within the rater and between raters. Thus, the Preston pinch gauge and the digitalized dynamometer measure grip strength equivalently, and can be used interchangeably.
Hand ; Hand Strength ; Muscle Strength ; Muscle Strength Dynamometer ; Pinch Strength ; Statistics as Topic

PURPOSE: We wanted to investigate the grip and pinch strength of hands and establish the clinical normative data for Korean people. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A sample of 234 Korean males and 281 Korean females (age: 10 to 84) were tested. Grip strength and pinch strength were tested twice with 5 minute interval between tests. RESULTS: Generally, hand strength peaked at 30 to 39 of age for both males and females. The average grip strength was 48.8 kg for males and 28.23 kg for females and they were 11% stronger than 12 years before in both groups. Tip pinch strength peaked in the forties, but key pinch and tripod pinch peaked in the thirties. All the peak hand strength was obtained in the 30 to 39 age group of females. Among the pinch strengths, key pinch was the strongest. For the right-handed people, the grip and pinch strengths of the right hand were stronger than those of the left hand. However, for the left-handed people, the left hand was stronger than the right hand only for the tripod pinch (p<0.005). CONCLUSION: The hand strength of Koreans peaked in the 30 to 39 age group. Key pinch was the strongest among the three pinch strengths. Right-handed people have a stronger right hand than the left hand, but the left-handed people have almost the same hand strength in both hands, except for the tripod pinch.
Female ; Hand ; Hand Strength ; Humans ; Male ; Pinch Strength

This study was performed to inquire demand for indroducing certification on contract foodservice management company(CFMC) and review about the system in a related field. The methodology was practiced an in-depth interview for grasping demand on certification of CFMC and composition on an appraiser group. Content analysis was reviewed about the system in a related field. Large enterprises and small and medium-sized enterprises were positive opinion on a certification of CFMC and they suggested that education and research institution, industry, government, association will be included in appraiser group. The review about the system of a related industry was investigated by field such as similar product and service with restaurant industry, similar service with hotel and tourism industry. And similar purpose with a certification of CFMC was put in operation as PQ(pre-qualification) and selecting an adequate corporation in architecture industry. Therefore, a certification of CFMC should be tried to scientific introduction by objective verification.
Certification* ; Education ; Hand Strength ; Restaurants

This study was performed to inquire demand for indroducing certification on contract foodservice management company(CFMC) and review about the system in a related field. The methodology was practiced an in-depth interview for grasping demand on certification of CFMC and composition on an appraiser group. Content analysis was reviewed about the system in a related field. Large enterprises and small and medium-sized enterprises were positive opinion on a certification of CFMC and they suggested that education and research institution, industry, government, association will be included in appraiser group. The review about the system of a related industry was investigated by field such as similar product and service with restaurant industry, similar service with hotel and tourism industry. And similar purpose with a certification of CFMC was put in operation as PQ(pre-qualification) and selecting an adequate corporation in architecture industry. Therefore, a certification of CFMC should be tried to scientific introduction by objective verification.
Certification* ; Education ; Hand Strength ; Restaurants

PURPOSE: This study was done to identify the effects of the BeHaS exercise program consisting of exercise, education, and cognitive supports on the hand strength, depression and life satisfaction in institutionalized elderly people with CVA. METHOD: A quasi-experimental design with an experimental group (n=18) and a control group (n=18) was used. The elders in the experimental group participated in the program once a week for eight weeks. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Chi-square and t-test with SPSS /Win 18.0. RESULTS: Hypothesis 1 was supported as the hand strength of the elders in experimental group significantly increased compared to those in the control group. Hypothesis 2 was also supported as depression scores for elders in the experimental group significantly decreased compared to those in the control group. Hypothesis 3 was supported as life satisfaction scores for elders in the experimental group significantly increased compared to those in the control group. CONCLUSION: The results of this study indicate that the BeHaS exercise program can play a useful role in improving depression and life satisfaction in institutionalized elderly people with CVA.
Aged ; Depression ; Hand ; Hand Strength ; Humans

BACKGROUND: Several grip strength tests are commonly used for detecting sincerity of effort. However, there is still no widely accepted standardized sincerity of effort test. Therefore, this study aimed to examine whether grip strength test in three wrist positions could distinguish between maximal and submaximal efforts. METHODS: Twenty healthy individuals (10 men and 10 women) with a mean age of 26.7 ± 3.92 years participated in this study. All participants completed two test conditions (maximal and submaximal efforts) in three wrist positions (neutral, flexion, and extension) using both hands. Each participant exerted 100% effort in the maximal effort condition and 50% effort in the submaximal effort condition. The participants performed three repetitions of the grip strength test for each session. RESULTS: The results showed that there is a significant main effect of the type of effort (p < 0.001), wrist position (p < 0.001), and hand (p = 0.028). There were also significant types of effort and wrist position interactions (p < 0.001) and effort and hand interactions (p < 0.028). The results also showed that grip strength was highest at the wrist in neutral position in both the maximal and the submaximal effort condition. Grip strength values of the three wrist positions in the maximal effort condition were noticeably greater than those in the submaximal effort condition. CONCLUSION: The findings of this study suggest that grip strength test in three wrist positions can differentiate a maximal effort from a submaximal effort. Thus, this test could potentially be used to detect sincerity of effort in clinical setting.
Hand ; Hand Strength* ; Humans ; Male ; Wrist*