A study on the clinical symptoms and blood culture in 81 patients with typhoid septicemia has shown that the most typical symptoms in the typhoid septicemia comprised continuous high fever, anorexia, bloating and headache. Other symptoms comprised erythematosus, nose bleeding, hepatomegaly, spleenmegaly and diarrhea. The blood culture aimed at identifying the causative bacterial had a high positive rate within 96 hours after fever. This rate was very low in cases of antibiotic administration at home
Typhoid Fever ; blood

In a double blinded study which was conducted at 3 kindergartens of 3 communes of Thanh Ba district and Phu Tho district showed that the effectiveness of Vi-rEPA for typhoid fever in 2-5 year old children reached to 89% for 46 months. Vi-rEPA containing 25mg of Vi induced more than 8 fold rise of IgG anti-Vi in all vaccines. The dosage immunogenicity study of 5, 12.5 and 25mg of Vi-rEPA was injected 6 weeks apart and blood samples were taken before, 10 weeks and 1 year after the first injection. At 10 weeks, the antibody levels of children with 25 mg injections were higher than that of children with 12.5mg and 5mg injection, and all 3 groups had antibody levels declined 7 folds, but still remained significantly higher than before immunization. This study confirmed the safety and immunogenicity of Vi-rEPA
Vaccines ; Typhoid Fever ; child ; blood

Antibodies, Viral ; blood ; China ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Yellow Fever ; epidemiology ; Yellow fever virus ; immunology

BACKGROUND: Major orthopedic surgical procedures, including spinal fusions, require 2 or 3 units of transfusion. In this study, we evaluated the usefulness of autologous transfusion by comparing the postoperative infections, the pre- and postoperative serological changes, the amount of transfusion during the operation and the segmented estimated blood loss of the patients who received spinal fusion surgery. METHODS: We analyzed 106 patients who were undergoing spinal fusion surgery and among them, 69 patients were operated on with using autologous transfusion, while 37 cases were operated on with using homologous transfusion. RESULTS: The segmental estimated blood loss was approximately 574.4+/-131.8 mL in group 1 and 635.3+/-250.1 mL in group 2. The mean number of transfused units in the autologous transfusion group was 2.1+/-0.3 units and this was 3.5+/-0.6 units in the homologous transfusion group. There was no significant statistical difference in the hemoglobin level or the complications between the two groups, yet the duration of fever in the group with homologous transfusion was 3.0+/-0.4 days, which was increased compared to that of group 1 (1.4+/-1.3 days). CONCLUSION: The total amount of transfusion and blood loss for the patients who were operated on using autologous transfusion were less, as compared to those for the patients who were operated on with homologous transfusion, and the patients with homologous transfusion showed a significantly decreased duration of fever. It seems that autologous transfusion is a way to shorten the duration of fever and increase the satisfaction of the patients.
Blood Donors ; Fever ; Hemoglobins ; Humans ; Orthopedic Procedures ; Spinal Fusion

Twenty male patients with Korean hemorrhagic fever were evaluated with thrombelastography (TEG) to assess the changes in coagulation system, and the results were compared with those of conventional coagulation tests. Procoagulant activity in the plasma was determined by comparing the reaction time "r" of the normal plasma and that of the mixture of equal parts of the normal plasma and the patient's plasma. The TEG was found to be a useful measure of the changes in the coagulation profile, and provided instant accurate assessment of the patient's hemostatic function. Presence of the procoagulant activity was demonstrated in the plasma of the patients and indicated occurrence of active intravascular coagulation during the early stage of the disease.
Adult ; Blood Coagulation ; Blood Coagulation Factors/*analysis ; Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome/*blood ; Humans ; Male ; *Thrombelastography

Autotransfusion has been used widely in surgical patients for the purpose of preventing complications associated with homologous transfusion. Recently it has been drawing much attention for the fear of transfusion-transmitted disease, especially AIDS. So we studied about the auto-transfusion applied to spinal surgical patients with various combinations of its methods in each patient. We measured perioperative changes of complete blood count associated with autotrans-fusion and the amount of blood salvaged by intra-and postoperative autotransfusion. And we scrutinized the occurrence of complications associated with transfusion. After presurgical blood deposit of 3 units (n=12), hemoglobin and hematocrit levels decreased to 12.0+/-1.2 gm% and 35.5+/-2.6% while the initial levels were 14.0+/-1.1 gm% and 40.6+/-2.8% respectively. The average salvaged blood volume during operation by Cell Saver (Haemonetics, USA) was 300+/-110 ml (n=14) and postoperatively salvaged blood volume using Orth-evac(TM) was 313+/-114 ml (n=14). Of those who received postoperative autotransfusion (n=l4), 2 patients revealed febrile reaction immediately after transfusion, but fever subsided thereafter without specific treatment. In conclusion, autotransfusion was carried out safely in operations when transfusion was expected, and so we recommend autotransfusion as a method of transfusion by which the complications of homologous transfusion can be averted.
Blood Cell Count ; Blood Transfusion, Autologous* ; Blood Volume ; Fever ; Hematocrit ; Humans

Autotransfusion has been used widely in surgical patients for the purpose of preventing complications associated with homologous transfusion. Recently it has been drawing much attention for the fear of transfusion-transmitted disease, especially AIDS. So we studied about the auto-transfusion applied to spinal surgical patients with various combinations of its methods in each patient. We measured perioperative changes of complete blood count associated with autotrans-fusion and the amount of blood salvaged by intra-and postoperative autotransfusion. And we scrutinized the occurrence of complications associated with transfusion. After presurgical blood deposit of 3 units (n=12), hemoglobin and hematocrit levels decreased to 12.0+/-1.2 gm% and 35.5+/-2.6% while the initial levels were 14.0+/-1.1 gm% and 40.6+/-2.8% respectively. The average salvaged blood volume during operation by Cell Saver (Haemonetics, USA) was 300+/-110 ml (n=14) and postoperatively salvaged blood volume using Orth-evac(TM) was 313+/-114 ml (n=14). Of those who received postoperative autotransfusion (n=l4), 2 patients revealed febrile reaction immediately after transfusion, but fever subsided thereafter without specific treatment. In conclusion, autotransfusion was carried out safely in operations when transfusion was expected, and so we recommend autotransfusion as a method of transfusion by which the complications of homologous transfusion can be averted.
Blood Cell Count ; Blood Transfusion, Autologous* ; Blood Volume ; Fever ; Hematocrit ; Humans

Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Electrocardiography ; Female ; Fever ; complications ; Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome ; blood ; complications ; pathology ; Humans ; Hypergammaglobulinemia ; blood ; Immunoglobulin M ; blood ; Male ; Pain ; complications

Transfusion related acute lung injury (TRALI) is a serious, potentially life-threatening complication of transfusion therapy that is sometimes under diagnosed and under reported. Patients with TRALI present with dyspnea/respiratory distress and fever. The symptoms, signs and chest radiological findings in TRALI are similar to transfusion associated circulatory overload, which makes it is difficult to distinguish it from circulatory overload. Although the mortality rate in cases of TRALI is relatively low, TRALI is the third most common cause of fatal transfusion reactions next to ABO blood type incompatibility and hepatitis. Mild-to-moderate cases of TRALI may be misdiagnosed as volume overload. Recently, we encountered two cases where the patients suffered from dyspnea and fever after a transfusion. and review of the relevant literature.
Acute Lung Injury* ; Blood Group Incompatibility ; Blood Transfusion ; Dyspnea ; Fever ; Hepatitis ; Humans ; Mortality ; Thorax

BACKGROUND: Examination of peripheral blood smear (PBS) is the gold standard for the diagnosis of malaria; however, its diagnostic utility will be dependent on the examiner's microscopic experience, the quality of the smear, and the degree of parasitemia. Therefore, it is essential to have available a rapid and simple test that is as sensitive and specific as PBS, at a small-middle range medical center, a health care center, and a military hospital in a malaria endemic area. METHODS: Malaria antigen and antibody tests were performed on 120 febrile patients who were requested for complete blood count (CBC) and PBS at two military hospitals from May 2004 to August 2005. RESULTS: Of the 45 patients who were diagnosed with malaria by examination of peripheral blood smears, 42 were positive on both malaria antigen and antibody tests, and 2 were positive on either antigen or antibody test. Only 1 patient was negative on the both test. Furthermore, all 75 patients with negative microscopic examinations also had negative malaria antigen and antibody tests. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study show that a rapid differential diagnosis of malaria can be made by performing malaria antigen and antibody tests on febrile patients at hospitals in malaria endemic areas. Moreover, the test is simple and convenient enough to be performed without any special equipment or experience.
Blood Cell Count ; Delivery of Health Care ; Diagnosis ; Diagnosis, Differential* ; Fever of Unknown Origin* ; Fever* ; Hospitals, Military ; Humans ; Malaria* ; Malaria, Vivax* ; Parasitemia