1.Identification and Molecular Evolution of Baillus anthracis Based on PEP - PCR Genomic Fingerprinting and Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism.
Won Yong KIM ; Eun Ku LEE ; Mi Ok SONG ; Ji Yeon NAM ; Chul Min PARK ; Ki Jung KIM ; Sang In CHUNG ; Chul Soon CHOI
Journal of the Korean Society for Microbiology 2000;35(5):349-349
No Abstract Available.
Dermatoglyphics*
;
Evolution, Molecular*
;
Polymerase Chain Reaction*
2.Identification and Molecular Evolution of Baillus anthracis Based on PEP - PCR Genomic Fingerprinting and Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism.
Won Yong KIM ; Eun Ku LEE ; Mi Ok SONG ; Ji Yeon NAM ; Chul Min PARK ; Ki Jung KIM ; Sang In CHUNG ; Chul Soon CHOI
Journal of the Korean Society for Microbiology 2000;35(5):349-349
No Abstract Available.
Dermatoglyphics*
;
Evolution, Molecular*
;
Polymerase Chain Reaction*
4.Recent advances of continuous in vivo evolution.
Haotian ZHAI ; Qingsheng QI ; Jin HOU
Chinese Journal of Biotechnology 2021;37(2):486-499
Laboratory evolution is an important approach to improve the performance of microorganisms. In the past decades, the methods for laboratory evolution have developed rapidly and applied widely. However, the commonly used evolution strategies for strains or specific proteins cannot achieve continuous mutation, and require multiple rounds of operation, therefore they are considered as a labor intensive process. The development of mutation and screening technologies have facilitated the development of continuous evolution in vivo and greatly improved the efficiency of laboratory evolution. The continuous in vivo evolution achieves in vivo mutation, perfectly combining mutation with screening to evolve a specific phenotype with minimal human intervention. This review summarizes the recent advances of in vivo continuous evolution technologies for either genome-scale mutation or evolution of specific proteins. The principles of these technologies and their applications are introduced. On this basis, the advantages and limitations of these technologies are discussed. We also give a perspective of future development of continuous in vivo evolution.
Directed Molecular Evolution
;
Humans
;
Mutation
;
Phenotype
;
Proteins
5.Two ancient rounds of polyploidy in rice genome.
Yang ZHANG ; Guo-hua XU ; Xing-yi GUO ; Long-jiang FAN
Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B 2005;6(2):87-90
An ancient genome duplication (PPP1) that predates divergence of the cereals has recently been recognized. We report here another potentially older large-scale duplication (PPP2) event that predates monocot-dicot divergence in the genome of rice (Oryza sativa L.), as inferred from the age distribution of pairs of duplicate genes based on recent genome data for rice. Our results suggest that paleopolyploidy was widespread and played an important role in the evolution of rice.
Biological Evolution
;
Chromosome Mapping
;
methods
;
Evolution, Molecular
;
Genetic Variation
;
genetics
;
Genome, Plant
;
Oryza
;
genetics
;
Polyploidy
6.Analysis of synonymous codon usage and evolution of begomoviruses.
Xiao-zhong XU ; Qing-po LIU ; Long-jiang FAN ; Xiao-feng CUI ; Xue-ping ZHOU
Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B 2008;9(9):667-674
Begomoviruses are single-stranded DNA viruses and cause severe diseases in major crop plants worldwide. Based on current genome sequence analyses, we found that synonymous codon usage variations in the protein-coding genes of begomoviruses are mainly influenced by mutation bias. Base composition analysis suggested that the codon usage bias of AV1 and BV1 genes is significant and their expressions are high. Fourteen codons were determined as translational optimal ones according to the comparison of codon usage patterns between highly and lowly expressed genes. Interestingly the codon usages between begomoviruses from the Old and the New Worlds are apparently different, which supports the idea that the bipartite begomoviruses of the New World might originate from bipartite ones of the Old World, whereas the latter evolve from the Old World monopartite begomoviruses.
Begomovirus
;
genetics
;
Biological Evolution
;
Chromosome Mapping
;
Codon
;
genetics
;
DNA Mutational Analysis
;
DNA, Viral
;
genetics
;
Evolution, Molecular
7.Population genetic study of Magnolia officinalis and Magnolia officinalis var. biloba.
Shengxian YU ; Qingjun YUAN ; Bin YANG ; Chunxia ZHANG ; Chengyu CHEN
China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica 2010;35(16):2129-2132
OBJECTIVEpopulation genetic study of Magnolia officinalis and M. officinalis var. biloba was performed in this paper. The objectives of this study are to provide baseline data of molecular pharmaceutics for quality control of Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis.
METHODA total of 15 populations of M. officinalis and M. officinalis var. biloba were collected. PCR amplification and sequencing were performed with two chloroplast intergenic spacers psbA-trnH and trnL-trnF. Chloroplast haplotype frequencies were calculated, genetic diversity and genetic structure were estimated by using the program HAPLONST, and a haplotype network depicting the mutational relationships among distinct haplotypes was drawn following the principle of parsimony by TCS version 1.13.
RESULTThe differentiation of haplotype frequencies between M. officinalis and M. officiunalis var. biloba was significant although there was no private haplotypes of themselves.
CONCLUSIONThere was certain genetic divergence between M. officinalis and M. offcinalis var. biloba although the monophyletic clade of themselves was not still formed.
Evolution, Molecular ; Genetics, Population ; Haplotypes ; Magnolia ; classification ; genetics
8.Genomic Diversity and Evolution of Bacillus subtilis.
Gang YU ; Xun Cheng WANG ; Wang Hong TIAN ; Ji Chun SHI ; Bin WANG ; Qiang YE ; Si Guo DONG ; Ming ZENG ; Jun Zhi WANG ;
Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2015;28(8):620-625
Bacillus subtilis is the focus of both academic and industrial research. Previous studies have reported a number of sequence variations in different B. subtilis strains. To uncover the genetic variation and evolutionary pressure in B. subtilis strains, we performed whole genome sequencing of two B. subtilis isolates, KM and CGMCC63528. Comparative genomic analyses of these two strains with other B. subtilis strains identified high sequence variations including large insertions, deletions and SNPs. Most SNPs in genes were synonymous and the average frequency of synonymous mutations was significantly higher than that of the non-synonymous mutations. Pan-genome analysis of B. subtilis strains showed that the core genome had lower dN/dS values than the accessory genome. Whole genome comparisons of these two isolates with other B. subtilis strains showed that strains in different subspecies have similar dN/dS values. Nucleotide diversity analysis showed that spizizenii subspecies have higher nucleotide diversity than subtilis subspecies. Our results indicate that genes in B. subtilis strains are under high purifying selection pressure. The evolutionary pressure in different subspecies of B. subtilis is complex.
Bacillus subtilis
;
genetics
;
Evolution, Molecular
;
Genes, Bacterial
;
Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
9.Origin of neurotoxins from defensins.
Li-Mei ZHU ; Bin GAO ; Shun-Yi ZHU
Acta Physiologica Sinica 2015;67(3):239-247
There are at least three conserved protein folds shared by ion channel-targeted neurotoxins and antimicrobial defensins, including cysteine-stabilized α-helix and β-sheet fold (CSαβ), inhibitor cystine knot fold (ICK) and β-defensin fold (BDF). Based on a combined data of sequences, structures and functions, it has been proposed that these neurotoxins could originate from related ancient antimicrobial defensins by neofunctionalization. This provides an ideal system to study how a novel function emerged from a conserved structural scaffold during evolution. The elucidation of functional novelty of proteins not only has great significance in evolutionary biology but also will be helpful in guiding rational molecular design. This review describes recent progresses in origin of neurotoxins, focusing on the three conserved protein scaffolds.
Defensins
;
chemistry
;
Evolution, Molecular
;
Neurotoxins
;
chemistry
;
Protein Structure, Secondary
10.Evolutionary and transmission characteristics of rabies viruses in Asia.
Xiao-Yan TAO ; Hao LI ; Qing TANG ; Guo-Dong LIANG
Chinese Journal of Experimental and Clinical Virology 2013;27(3):187-189
OBJECTIVETo understand the rabies virus (RABV) evolutionary relationship between the strains of China and Asia and to know the evolution and transmission characteristics of RABV in Asia.
METHODSThe G sequences of representative strains from China were selected and combined the sequences of other countries in Asia to analyze using BEAST and MigraPhyla software.
RESULTSThe phylogenetic analysis showed that six groups (China I-VI) of China had different epidemic range: China I , II and V groups just cycled in our country; China VI group, from Guangxi and Yunnan provinces, crossed with Southeast Asian strains; China III group and IV group also have closer genetic relationship with Asian country strains.
CONCLUSIONGeographic migration in Asia showed that Thailand and India may be two rabies transmission centers in Asia.
Asia ; Evolution, Molecular ; Humans ; Phylogeny ; Rabies ; transmission ; Rabies virus ; genetics