Electronic endoscope is one of the crucial tools for minimally invasive diagnosis and treatment. Along with the continuous development of clinical applications, conventional electronic endoscope has not been able to meet all the clinical requirements. In recent years, with the rapid development of the material, sensor and electronic technologies, electronic endoscope has attracted many researchers and companies' attention. Nowadays, because of being suitable for some special mobile medical scenes like field operations, natural calamities and hospital first aids, various portable electronic endoscopes have been developed and applied in clinic. The present study aims to give a review on portable electronic endoscopes development and clinical applications.
Electronics ; Endoscopes

PURPOSE: To compare the accuracy and efficacy of EDR2 film, a 2D ionization chamber array (MatriXX) and an amorphous silicon electronic portal imaging device (EPID) in the pre-treatment QA of IMRT. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fluence patterns, shaped as a wedge with 10 steps (segments) by a multi-leaf collimator (MLC), of reference and test IMRT fields were measured using EDR2 film, the MatriXX, and EPID. Test fields were designed to simulate leaf positioning errors. The absolute dose at a point in each step of the reference fields was measured in a water phantom with an ionization chamber and was compared to the dose obtained with the use of EDR2 film, the MatriXX and EPID. For qualitative analysis, all measured fluence patterns of both reference and test fields were compared with calculated dose maps from a radiation treatment planning system (Pinnacle, Philips, USA) using profiles and gamma evaluation with 3%/3 mm and 2%/2 mm criteria. By measurement of the time to perform QA, we compared the workload of EDR2 film, the MatriXX and EPID. RESULTS: The percent absolute dose difference between the measured and ionization chamber dose was within 1% for the EPID, 2% for the MatriXX and 3% for EDR2 film. The percentage of pixels with gamma%>1 for the 3%/3 mm and 2%/2 mm criteria was within 2% for use of both EDR2 film and the EPID. However, differences for the use of the MatriXX were seen with a maximum difference as great as 5.94% with the 2%/2 mm criteria. For the test fields, EDR2 film and EPID could detect leaf-positioning errors on the order of -3 mm and -2 mm, respectively. However it was difficult to differentiate leaf-positioning errors with the MatriXX due to its poor resolution. The approximate time to perform QA was 110 minutes for the use of EDR2 film, 80 minutes for the use of the MatriXX and approximately 55 minutes for the use of the EPID. CONCLUSION: This study has evaluated the accuracy and efficacy of EDR2 film, the MatriXX and EPID in the pre-treatment verification of IMRT. EDR2 film and the EPID showed better performance for accuracy, while the use of the MatriXX significantly reduced measurement and analysis times. We propose practical and useful methods to establish an effective QA system in a clinical environment.
Electronics ; Electrons ; Silicon ; Water

As the radiotherapy technique development, the needs for using of medical electronic chart in the department of radiation oncology is growing. However, the complexity of affairs of radiation oncology make it difficult to develop a electronic medical chart. In this study, we introduce the electronic medical chart developed by domestic hospital. The function and example of electronic medical chart designed as radiation treatment progress was showed and the future study was presented.
Electronics ; Electrons ; Radiation Oncology

As the radiotherapy technique development, the needs for using of medical electronic chart in the department of radiation oncology is growing. However, the complexity of affairs of radiation oncology make it difficult to develop a electronic medical chart. In this study, we introduce the electronic medical chart developed by domestic hospital. The function and example of electronic medical chart designed as radiation treatment progress was showed and the future study was presented.
Electronics ; Electrons ; Radiation Oncology

No abstract available.
Electronics ; Electrons ; Publications

The eRPS system for medical device registration of National Medical Products Administration was officially launched on June 24, 2019. This paper focused on the following two aspects of the electronic declaration process of medical device regulatory agencies in the whole world:one is whether the electronic submission format is consistent, the other is whether the electronic submission path is convenient. Suggestions are put forward for the next nationwide implementation of the electronic submission so as to speed up the process of the electronization of medical device evaluation in China.
China ; Electronics, Medical

Background: In the continuity of care, family and community physicians take into consideration patient insurance coverage, especially for those who require higher levels of care. The Philippine Health Insurance Corporation (PhilHealth) has had its electronic reimbursement claims processing since 2011 but the utilization of this system by hospitals may be affected by delays in claims reimbursement. Factors associated with such delays warrant further investigation. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the perceived factors by concerned hospital staff that affect delays in PhilHealth’s electronic claims processing system. Methods: Three focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted using a predetermined set of questions. The hospitals were selected from respondents of a survey of a bigger study on the applicability of PhilHealth’s electronic claims processing. Each FGD involved eight-to-ten participants, mostly PhilHealth officers or information technology personnel from different hospitals covering Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao. The hospitals were of different types/levels and included both government-run and privately-owned. Results: Factors affecting delays in electronic claims reimbursement are intrinsic to the hospitals’ operations, with delays in obtaining the physician’s signature as the most common cause. Accessing PhilHealth’s server was another major factor and was aggravated by problems in clarifying patient eligibility, non-updated data, and variations in the emphasis of regional evaluators. Hospitals within the national capital region and those using their own electronic medical records and health information system had better experiences with the electronic claims reimbursement. Conclusions The main factors affecting delays in electronic claims reimbursement among hospitals are associated with the hospitals’ institutional processes. The active participation of family physicians and primary care providers can help address these issues and subsequently improve service delivery, PhilHealth utilization, and overall patient satisfaction.
Electronics ; Humans ; Surveys and Questionnaires

In this study, we describe the preliminary application for the delineation of a metal object using cone-beam reconstruction (CBR) based on limited electronic portal imaging device (EPID) projections. A typical Feldkamp, Davis and Kress (FDK) reconstruction algorithm accompanying the edge preserving smoothing filter was used as only a few projections are acquired for reconstruction. In a correlation study of the projection numbers, we found that the size of the seeds and their location depicted by these CBR images were almost identical. Limited views were used for CBR, and our method is inexpensive and competitive for use in clinical applications.
Electronics ; Electrons ; Seeds ; Statistics as Topic

Around the features of low power and high integration of portable electronic medical equipment design, the primary low power MCU series from the current semiconductor manufacturers were compared. The analysis results showed that the 32-bit MCUs based on the low cost and high energy efficient ARM Cortex-M architectures, have comprehensive advantages on power level, operational performance and integrated peripherals obviously.
Electronics, Medical ; instrumentation ; Equipment Design

Medical electronic endoscope is one of the indispensable tools in medical diagnosis and treatment. With the development of science and technology, electronic endoscope has higher safety and accuracy than traditional optical endoscope. Due to the sophisticated construction and high price, hospitals spend a lot of money on maintenance every year. In order to prolong the working life of electronic endoscope, reduce the incidence of artificial failure and save hospital costs, this study made a retrospective analysis on the common faults of electronic endoscope, and summarized the maintenance strategies for reference.
Electronics, Medical ; Endoscopes ; Retrospective Studies