This study aims to estimate the costs of various unintentional injuries in Ba Vi district during one year, and to describe how the economic burden of unintentional injuries was distributed between households, government and the health insurance agency. Our cohort study involved four cross sectional household surveys among sampled communities in Ba Vi district during the year 2000, each asking about injuries in the preceding 3 months. The costing system in public health care in Viet Nam was applied as well as information from the victims. The total cost of injuries for the Ba Vi district was estimated to be 3.412.539.000 VND. Equivalent to the yearly income of 1800 people. 90% of this economic burden fell on households, only 8% on government and 2% on the health insurance agency. The cost of a severe injury to the victim corresponded to approximately 7 months of earned income. Home and traffic injuries together accounted for more than 80% of the total cost, 45% and 38% respectively.
Cost of Illness ; Wounds and Injuries ;

Based on limited sources of mortality data, the majority of the deaths occurred in working age groups with highest productivity, 30-49 and 50-64, and the under 5 age group. Using the YPLL65 as indicator, the 0-4 group has the largest burden of disease, followed by the 30-49 group, and the 5-29 group. Within the 0-4 group, females have a larger burden of disease than males, in contrast to all other age group. In general, injury became the leading cause of death (accounted for nearly 40% of YPLL65), followed by perinatal causes. Injury in males is consistently higher or equal to that of females. Drowning is the leading cause of injury among females while overall accidents and transportation-related injuries are the most important contributors to the burden of injury in males. The construction of cause-eliminated life tables affirms the important role of the heaviest contributors of burden of disease in Chi Linh (e.g. cardiovascular disease, injury and cancer) while infectious diseases are in the decline. Of note, elimination of the cardiovascular diseases would contribute best to increasing life expectancy.
Cost of Illness ; disease ; mortality

Cost of Illness ; Risk Assessment

Based on the integration of concept and methods of cause-eliminated life expectancy (CELE), health-adjusted life expectancy (HALE) and disability-adjusted life year (DALY), a new index named cause-excluded health adjusted life expectancy (CEHALE) was developed in this study to evaluate the health impact(both fetal and non-fetal) of single disease. In order to include the impact of both premature death and health problems among those who are alive, the concept of suppositional death was introduced to calculate CEHALE. Cause-excluded health adjusted life expectancy developed in this study, should be not only easy to understand in concept, but also has theoretical support and be not affected by age structure, and be more suitable to use in comparison among different diseases and different population. Moreover, the new index is easy to calculate. So, CEHALE should be an ideal index to evaluate the impact of disease to population health.
Cost of Illness ; Humans ; Life Expectancy

In this economic evaluation of environmental epidemiological monitoring projects, we analyzed the economic feasibility of these projects by determining the social cost and benefit of these projects and conducting a cost/benefit analysis. Here, the social cost was evaluated by converting annual budgets for these research and survey projects into present values. Meanwhile, the societal benefit of these projects was evaluated by using the contingent valuation method to estimate the willingness-to-pay of residents living in or near industrial complexes. In addition, the extent to which these projects reduced negative health effects (i.e., excess disease and premature death) was evaluated through expert surveys, and the analysis was conducted to reflect the unit of economic value, based on the cost of illness and benefit transfer method. The results were then used to calculate the benefit of these projects in terms of the decrease in negative health effects. For residents living near industrial complexes, the benefit/cost ratio was 1.44 in the analysis based on resident surveys and 5.17 in the analysis based on expert surveys. Thus, whichever method was used for the economic analysis, the economic feasibility of these projects was confirmed.
Budgets ; Cost of Illness ; Cost-Benefit Analysis ; Epidemiological Monitoring ; Methods

Cost of Illness ; Humans ; Schizophrenia ; complications ; mortality ; therapy

Cost of Illness ; Humans ; Influenza, Human ; economics ; epidemiology

Cost of Illness ; Humans ; Quality-Adjusted Life Years

China ; epidemiology ; Cost of Illness ; Humans ; Wounds and Injuries ; economics ; epidemiology

Cost of Illness ; Disease Outbreaks ; Humans ; Influenza, Human ; economics ; epidemiology