Degenerations and dystrophies of the cornea may generally be considered in four categories as follows; 1. Senile changes. 2. Degenerations. 3. Dystrqphies. 4. Corneal infiltrations due to metabolic disturbances, (carbohydrate, lipid, protein). In this discussion, many degenerations and dystrophies were reviewed.
Cornea*

PURPOSE: To evaluate the association with corneal thickness and corneal thinnest point using Orbscan topography. METHODS: One hundred and four eyes of the 52 normal subjects who were investigated using an Orbscan topography, were devided into following two groups ; one was inferonasal group which has the thinnest point in inferonasal quadrant(23 eyes, 22.1%), and the other was inferotemporal group which has the thinnest point in inferotemporal quadrant. (79 eyes, 76%) Among them, age-matched 30 eyes were randomly selected. The corneal thickness of two groups were measured at eight meridian of each point distant 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0mm from corneal center. The thickest point and the thinnest point of cornea in two groups were compared and analysed. RESULTS: The thickest point of cornea in two groups was located in the superior portion. The thinnest quadrant was located in the inferonasal portion for inferonasal group and in the inferotemporal portion for inferotemporal group. CONCLUSIONS: The quadrant where the thinnest quadrant existed had the thinnest corneal thickness in comparing with any other quadrant.
Cornea

In 1978, a nonprogressive corneal dystrophy was seperated from other causes of congenital opacification on the basis of unique clinincal findings and characteristic electronmicroscopic findings. This disorder, termed congenital hereditary stromal dystrophy, appears to the result of disordered stromal fibrogenesis. Recently, the autors have experienced 4 members of a family with typical electronmicroscopic findings of congenital heaeditary stromal dystrophy of the cornea. In this report we describe the characteristic findings of congenital hereditary stromal dystrophy.
Cornea* ; Humans

In order to clarify the initiation and extent of the recovery of sensitivity in the grafted eyes, the corneal sensitivity was measured on 24 normal eyes and 12 grafted eyes with Cochet-Bonnet aesthesiometer. The sensitivity in the central cornea of the normal eyes was 59 +/- 4mm. The grafted eyes showed a significant difference of sensitivity in the different portion of the recipient peripheral cornea. In the corneal graft, some recovery of sensitivity was observed from the first post-operative month and reached 20 +/- 16mm after after 3-month. The sensitivity in the corneal graft was, however, still much lower than the normal eyes and also than the unsevered peripheral cornea. The sensitivity of the corneal graft showed no significant correlation with the age of graft and with the sensitivity of the recipient peripheral cornea.
Cornea ; Transplants*

This paper is to review pathogenetic mechanisms in inflammatory diseases of the cornea. After demonstration of immune corneal reactions were first undertaken in the early 20th century, the considerable changes in concept of corneal inflammation were taken. It has been the focus of immune mechanism to introduce the various aspects of corneal inflammation, especially definition of inflammation, inflammatory stimulus, normal host response, and histopathalogical evolutionof simple corneal ulcer and repair of corneal tissues.
Cornea ; Corneal Ulcer ; Inflammation*

Chondroitin sulfate (CS) in corneal preservation medium can porolong corneal preservation time. The solutions used in the experimental chambers were made of TC-199 (GIB Co.) either by itself of by adding 1% CS (Sigma) to the TC-199. The evaliation of the viability of corneas can be made by monitoring their physiological parameter. Thus, we monitored the transendothelial electrical potential difference (p.d.) across deepithelialized rabbit corneas. We found that TC-199 containing 1% CS maintained higher p.d.'s than the same solution without CS.
Chondroitin Sulfates* ; Chondroitin* ; Cornea*

PURPOSE: To evaluate the endothelial function of cornea preserved in newly developing korean corneal storage media (CS002, CS003) by estimating the permeability of corneal endothelium and the change of corneal thickness. METHODS: The cornea were divided into six experimental groups - fresh group immediately after enucleation, 4degrees Cmoist chamber group preserved for 24 hours and 48 hours, Optisol & CS002 group for 1, 3, 5, and 7 days, and Likorol & CS003 group for 7, 10, and 14 days after enucleation, and then corneal endothelial permeability(Pac) was measured using carboxyfluorescein solution. Corneal thickness was measured using pachymeter(fine focus adjustment) of the specular microscope. RESULTS: Corneal endothelial Pac (x1 0(- 4) cm/min) was 3.64+/-0.33 in fresh group, 4.79+/-0.28 in 4degrees Cmoist chamber group for 24 hours. Each endothelial Pac of CS002 group at 5 and 7 days was 5.81+/-0.55 and 5.65+/-0.58, which were different with 4degrees Cmoist chamber preservation group for 24 hours(p<0.05) but not different with Optisol groups at same days. Each endothelial Pac of CS003 group at 7, 10, and 14 days was 4.34+/-0.34, 4.66+/-0.59, and 4.66+/-0.27, which were not different from those of Likorol. Each corneal thickness of CS002 and Optisol group at 7days was 417.80+/-19.37 mu m and 421.00+/-19.75mu m, which were resemble increment. Corneal thickness was 426.75+/-22.43mu m in CS003 group and 476.00+/- 40.08mu m in Likorol group at 7days. There was statistical difference between the two group(P<0.05), and this difference was sustained for 14days (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: There was no difference in the effect on corneal endothelial permeability between korean corneal storage media such as CS002 and CS003, and that of previous corneal storage media such as Optisol and Likorol. Corneal thickness of cornea preserved in korean corneal storage media was thinner than that of Likorol.
Cornea* ; Endothelium, Corneal ; Permeability

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of the suction time in forming the corneal flap with microkeratome on the corneal flap thickness. METHODS: Thirty porcine eyes were randomly assigned into 3 groups according to suction duration: group 1(10 sec), group 2(35 sec) and group 3(60 sec). The Hansatome microkeratome with 160 plate and a suction ring with 8.5mm diameter were used to create corneal flap. The thickness of central cornea was measured with automated ultrasound pachymeter before the procedure. And after making the flap, the remained corneal thickness was measured with the same method. Then, the difference between the two values was thought to be the corneal flap thickness. RESULTS: The mean corneal flap thickness in group1, 2, and 3 were 91.0+/-24.1 micromiter, 110.1+/-8.9 mu m and 127.2+/-6.1 mu m, respectively. The difference was significant among the three groups(p=0.010), and the longer suction duration made the flap thicker. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that in forming the corneal flap with microkeratome, the suction duration has an effect on the corneal flap thickness and an increase of suction duration makes the flap thicker in porcine eyes.
Cornea ; Suction* ; Ultrasonography

In 24 pterygium patients, the corneal curvature was measured before and after surgical removal. The norizontal curvature increased more than 0.5 D in 66.7% of cases on the 2 to 3 weeks postoperatively. The vertical curvature, however, showed no marked tendency to changes, and only 25% of cases showed more than 0.5 D increase on the 2 to 3 weeks postoperatively. As the pterygium invades the cornea extensively, the horizontal corneal curvature increased more markedly.
Cornea ; Humans ; Pterygium*

Granular corneal dystrophy is primary heredofamilial dystrophy of the cornea, which is characterized by the presence of plemorphic milk-white spots in the superficial stroma in the central cornea. This corneal dystrophy was first ,described by Arthur Groenouw in 1890. Since then. many other types of familial corneal dystrophies have been discribed by morphological characteristics. In 1938 BUcklers classified the corneal dystrophy into 3 types; granular, macular and lattice dystrophy, whose nemenclature is now generally accepted. Now we report 2 cases of granular corneal dystrophies which involved 2 sisters in a family.
Cornea ; Humans ; Siblings