No abstract available.
Conscious Sedation* ; Endoscopy*

No abstract available.
Conscious Sedation ; Endoscopy*

No abstract available.
Conscious Sedation* ; Porifera*

Conscious Sedation ; Humans ; Intubation, Intratracheal ; instrumentation ; methods

Anesthesia ; Conscious Sedation ; Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal ; Humans

Anesthesia ; Conscious Sedation ; Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal ; Humans ; Singapore

BACKGROUND/AIMS: There is increasing interest in the use of propofol as a sedative agent for colonoscopy. We evaluated the safety and efficacy of the synergistic sedation with midazolam combined with low-dose propofol versus that of midazolam alone. METHODS: A total of 56 patients from among those who underwent total colonoscopy between August 2004 and October 2004 were randomly assigned to one of three medication treatment groups. Group A (n=18) received low-dose midazolam (0.03 mg/kg IV) plus propofol, group B (n=19) received high-dose midazolam (0.07 mg/kg IV) plus propofol, and group C (n=19) received high-dose midazolam alone. The patients' vital signs were monitored throughout the course of the study. The recovery time and quality as well as the patients' comfort level were also assessed. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in baseline characteristics among the treatment groups. There were also no differences in the duration and insertion time of the colonoscopy among the three groups. The patients' comfort level and cardiorespiratory parameters during colonoscopy were similar among the three groups. The sedation efficacy and recovery times were also similar among the three groups. CONCLUSIONS: Midazolam combined with low-dose propofol as a sedative for colonoscopy exhibits similar effects on safety, patient' comfort level and recovery time to those of midazolam alone.
Colonoscopy* ; Conscious Sedation* ; Humans ; Midazolam* ; Propofol* ; Vital Signs

BACKGROUND: The technique using target-controlled infusion (TCI) with propofol produces safe intraoperative sedation during regional anesthesia with rapid recovery and high patient satisfaction. The objective of this study was to define the blood propofol concentration necessary for conscious sedation in regional anesthesia patients according to age. METHODS: Sixty patients scheduled to undergo regional anesthesia were allocated into one of three groups according to age, such as group 1 (n = 20): 16 24 yr, group 2 (n = 20): 30 39 yr, group 3 (n = 20): 40 55 yr. Thirty minutes after performing regional anesthesia, TCI of propofol started at a target plasma level of 1 microgram/ml adjusted in steps of 0.2 microgram/ml to maintain a sedation level 3 on a 5-point sedation scale. RESULTS: The mean target concentration was 0.9 microgram/ml (group 1), 0.8 microgram/ml (group 2), 0.7 microgram/ml (group 3). The mean propofol consumption was 38.5 microgram/kg/min (group 1), 34.3 microgram/kg/min (group 2), and 30.8 microgram/kg/min (group 3). The recovery time was significantly delayed in group 3 (2.8 min) compared to group 1 (1.5 min) and group 2 (1.8 min). CONCLUSIONS: TCI of propofol within at 0.7 0.9 microgram/ml blood concentration range produces safe intraoperative sedation during regional anesthesia with rapid induction, rapid recovery and high patient satisfaction without severe complications in 16 55 yr old patients.
Anesthesia, Conduction* ; Conscious Sedation* ; Humans ; Patient Satisfaction ; Plasma ; Propofol*

Dental treatment under sedation requires various sedation depths depending on the invasiveness of the procedure and patient drug sensitivity. Inappropriate sedation depth may cause patient discomfort or endangerment. For these reasons, patient-controlled sedation (PCS) pumps are commonly used. Patients are able to control the sedation depths themselves by pushing the demand button after the practitioner sets up the bolus dose and lock-out time. Dexmedetomidine is an α-2 adrenoreceptor agonist with sedative, analgesic, and anxiolytic properties. It has been widely used for sedation for its minimal respiratory depression; however, there are few studies on PCS using dexmedetomidine. This study assessed the applicability of dexmedetomidine to PCS.
Conscious Sedation ; Dexmedetomidine* ; Humans ; Infusion Pumps* ; Respiratory Insufficiency

PURPOSE: We aimed to analyze the effectiveness and safety of low-dose midazolam and ketamine combination for upper gastrointestinal endoscopy (UGIE) in children. METHODS: The study included the children (n=425, 10.78+/-3.81 years) who underwent UGIE for diagnostic purpose during 1 year period. All children were sedated with low dose midazolam (0.1 mg/kg) and ketamine (0.5 mg/kg) intravenously. Effectiveness of the sedation and complications during the procedure and recovery period were recorded. RESULTS: Endoscopic procedure was successfully completed in 414 patients (97.4%; 95% confidence interval, 95.8-98.9). Mean+/-standard deviation (SD) duration of procedure was 6.36+/-1.64 minutes (median, 6.0 minutes; range, 4-12 minutes). Minor complications occurred during the procedure in 39.2% of the patients. The most common complication was increased oral secretion (33.1%). No major complications were observed in any patient. Age and Ramsay sedation scores of patients with complications during the procedure were lower than the others (9.49+/-4.05 years vs. 11.61+/-3.43 years, p=0.002 and 2.10+/-1.46 vs. 4.37+/-1.16, p=0.001). Mean recovery time was 22 minutes (range, 10-90 minutes; mean+/-SD, 25+/-12.32 minutes). Minor complications developed during recovery in 60.1% of the patients. The most common complication was transient double vision (n=127, 30.7%). Emergence reaction was observed in 5 patients (1.2%). CONCLUSION: The procedure was completed with high level of success without any major complication in our study. Combination of low-dose midazolam and ketamine is a suitable sedation protocol for pediatric endoscopists in UGIE.
Child* ; Conscious Sedation ; Diplopia ; Endoscopy ; Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal* ; Humans ; Ketamine* ; Midazolam*