This study was designed to get the knowledge of the structual characteristics of the lingual dental arch shaper of Koreans. The subjects consisted of 107 nirmal occulsions. The lingual structure which was divided into two groups, anterior and posterior part, was measured and analyzed. 22 pairs of the 107 samples were usde to test the derived results. The findings of this study were as follows; 1. The mathmatical functions of the we curces which showed good fitting to the upper and lower anterior lingual arch were derived and drawed to the same acale using the computer graphics. 2. The results of the test showed a reasonable degree of accuracy to all of the 33 randm samples. 3. The average degrees of posterior flexions were obtained and could be used as a initial guide at the wire-bending.
Computer Graphics ; Dental Arch*

No abstract available.
Computer Graphics ; Otolaryngology

A fabrication method of inner and outer crown using CAD/CAM is presented. The information of abutment teeth is transferred to a computer through a 3-dimensional scanner. A Konus inner and outer crown is designed on a computer and a real crown is machined based on this design using CAM. This method can save laboratory time and reduce inaccuracies compare to conventional casting procedure. A stone model with six prepared abutment teeth from a patient was used in this study. Three dimensional information from the model was transferred to a computer using a contact type 3dimensional scanner with a 25micrometer accuracy. All margins were identified on a computer image where there is a change in surface taper of a model. To provide a cement space, the image of a inner surface of a Konus inner crown was duplicated 25micrometer apart from the surface of a prepared abutment teeth image. The cement space was 20micrometer at the cervical margin. All Konus crowns were machined with a 10micrometer accuracy. It was concluded that this method can reduce working-time for the laboratory process and increase accuracy. A further research is required to make a simplified process for a more complex prosthesis.
Computer Graphics* ; Crowns* ; Humans ; Prostheses and Implants ; Tooth

Ancestry composition of populations and individuals has been extensively investigated in recent years due to advances in the genotyping and sequencing technologies. As the number of populations and individuals used for ancestry inference increases remarkably, say more than 100 populations or 1000 individuals, it is usually challenging to present the ancestry composition in a traditional way using a rectangular graph. To address this issue, we developed a program, AncestryPainter, which can illustrate the ancestry composition of populations and individuals with a rounded and nice-looking graph to save space. Individuals are depicted as length-fixed bars partitioned into colored segments representing different ancestries, and the population of interest can be highlighted as a pie chart in the center of the circle plot. In addition, AncestryPainter can also be applied to display personal ancestry in a way similar to that for displaying population ancestry. AncestryPainter is publicly available at http://www.picb.ac.cn/PGG/resource.php.
Computer Graphics ; Genetics, Population ; Humans ; Software

STUDY DESIGN: Review article. OBJECTIVES: To present the latest knowledge on spine surgery using augmented reality (AR). SUMMARY OF LITERATURE REVIEW: AR is a new technology that simulates interactions with real-world surroundings using computer graphics, and it is a field that has recently been highlighted as part of the fourth industrial revolution. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Review of related literature and introduction of latest research. RESULTS: Spine surgery using AR is currently in its early stages. If industry, academia, and research institutes cooperate and develop, spine surgery using AR is highly likely to develop to the next level. CONCLUSIONS: Spine surgeons should strive to develop relevant technology.
Academies and Institutes ; Computer Graphics ; Spine ; Surgeons

We measured the bone ingrowth rate on 22 retrieved human cementless porous coated acetabular cups by the help of computer graphics. All the acetabular cups had functioned well, and had had evidence of radiologic bony ingrowth before revising the acetabular cup. The reason for retrieval of the acetabular cups were: one with habitual dislocation, who with stem loosening, and 19 with polyethylene cup wearing. The period from initial surgery to retrieval surgery was 28 months to 108 months(average 56.1 months). All the retrieved porous coated acetabular cups showed macroscophic bony ingrowth, and the ratio of the whole porous surface to bony ingrowth area was showed 1.14% to 92.27% (average 36%).
Acetabulum ; Computer Graphics ; Dislocations ; Humans ; Polyethylene

Graphic monitoring assists the clinician at the bedside in several ways. It can be helpful in fine-tuning or adjusting ventilator parameters. Graphic monitoring may help to determine the patient's response to pharmacologic agents. The clinician also has the ability to trend monitored events over a prolonged period of time. The neonatal patient's self respiration, synchrony to ventilator and respiratory efforts can be well recognized with graphic monitoring. Of all, it may enable detection of complications before they become clinically apparent. This article introduces the basics of real-time graphics.
Computer Graphics ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Respiration ; Respiration, Artificial ; Ventilators, Mechanical

Oblique single-plane trochanteric osteotomy, in which an oblique cut is made through the femoral trochanteric area and the bony fragments are rotated at the face of the cut in direct contact with each other, allows simulatenous correction of the femoral neck-shaft angle, femoral anteversion as well as flexion/extension effect. Only approximate methods of calculating the correction effects of this procedure have been introduced. Considering unique spatial orientation of femoral neck, we developed a rigorous method to calculate preoperatively the obliquity of the single-plane osteotomy and the amount of rotation required to achieve the target femoral conformation, through geometric analysis. The correction effect by oblique trochanteric osteotomy on the geometry of proximal femur was dependent not only on the amount of change of the neck-shaft angle and femoral anteversion but also on the preoperative neck-shaft angle and femoral anteversion themselves. The flexion/extesion effect was determined by the direction of the correction and the preoperative neck orientation. Computer graphic simulation study confirmed the validity of this method. A program written in QBASIC was introduced to make this complex calculation method more useful in the clinical practice.
Computer Graphics ; Femur Neck ; Femur ; Methods ; Neck ; Osteotomy

llizarov technique is versatile enough to afford simultaneous or staged correction of complex deformities of the long bone. According to the conventional llizarov method, angulation, shortening, rotation and translation deformities are corrected sequentially in that order. Appropriate placement of the hinges enables simultaneous correction of angulation, shortening along with translation. However, when additional rotational correction is needed, major modification of the frame is mandatory and moreover, undesirable shearing force ensues on the newly formed regenerate bone. Inclined hinges composed of universal joints in llizarov frame has inherent potentiality to provide simultaneous correction of the angular and rotational deformities. The authors geometrically analyzed the inclined hinge technique. Table and graph were presented to determine the exact values of surgical parameters for a given deformity. When the hinge axis was displaced from the center of deformity maintaining its orientation and inclination, simultaneous correction of translation and/or shortening in addition to angulation and rotation occurred, which was confirmed by computer graphic simulation study; 1. An inclined hinge axis displaced along the longitudinal bisector line resulted in translation along the direction perpendicular to the hinge axis projected on the horizontal plane. 2. An inclined hinge axis displaced along the transverse bisector line resulted in translation along the direction of the hinge axis projected on the horizontal plane as well as lengthening or shortening. Therefore, judicious placement of inclined hinge axis enables, theoretically, simultaneous correction of angular, rotational, translational deformities along with shortening in particular cases. In practical application, the inclined hinge technique helps lessen the number of subsequent frame modifications or at least reduce the amount of residual deformities to be corrected by next step.
Computer Graphics ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Ilizarov Technique ; Joints ; Methods

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Ventilation tube is a percutaneous prosthesis which is exposed to external stimuli. The duration of retention and complication rate of ventilation tube partly depends on which type of tube is used. The purpose of this study is to classify ventilation tubes according to biofunctional characteristics and to design new ventilation tubes experimentally using computer graphics. MATERIALS AND METHOD:Two hundred and forty seven ventilation tubes were classified according to shape, size and material. Experimental design of a ventilation tube was performed with various graphic modellings. RESULTS: Grommet style was most common and most of flanges showed round type. Polymer has been a material of choice in making ventilation tubes. Length of the shaft ranged 1.5mm-15mm. Four kinds of models were created for designing a ventilation tube using computer graphics. CONCLUSION: Biofunctionality should be taken into account in designing ventilation tubes.
Computer Graphics ; Polymers ; Prostheses and Implants ; Research Design ; Ventilation*