No abstract available.
Chickens* ; Yolk Sac*

No abstract available.
Chickens* ; Plasminogen* ; Tendons*

The authors examined the effect and concentration dependency of bromocriptine on the inhibition of axial length elongation in the experimentally induced myopic chicken. Two day-old white Leghorn chicken was monocularly deprived of form vision by lid suture. We measured the axial length of chicken's eye by ultrasonography at 2 day, 2 week, 4 week, and 6 week following repeated ophthalmic dosing beginning at 2 day. The first group was instilled with 0.1 cc of Tris buffer solution, whereas the second, third, and fourth groups were instilled with 0.1cc of 0.01 %, 0.02%, 0.04% bromocriptine solution respectively. All solutions were instilled twice daily for 6 weeks. In the inhibition of axial length elongation, the third group (0.02% bromocriptine) was most effective at 2 week (p<0.05), whereas the second group (0.01% bromocriptine) was most effective at 4 and 6 week (p<0.05). In summary, the axial length elongation of eyeball was effectively retarded by bromocriptine with the best efficacy at 0.02% in short-term dosing while at 0.01% in long-term dosing.
Bromocriptine* ; Chickens* ; Sutures ; Tromethamine ; Ultrasonography

Peritendinous adhesions which develop in the flexor tendons of the digits after injury or operation are still a major problem in the surgery of the hand. The adhesions that are part of the healing process constitute an almost inevitable functional disability during the biological response of the tissue to injury. To achive better gliding function of flexor tendons, continuous efforts are being made to reduce peritendinous adhesions without adversely affecting the healing process itself. To reduce peritendinous adhesions, an aqueous solution of beta-aminopropionitrile (BAPN) was added to a solution of enriched native collagen (E.C.S.) and applied to the cut tendons of one group: untreated controls and controls treated with collagen solution alone comprised the other groups. Chickens from each group were sacrificed one, three and five weeks after operation. Tn he results were evaluated grossly and pathologically. The results of this experiment were as follows. 1. The collagen solution alone had the same lathylogenic effect as the beta-aminopropionitrile. 2. There were no systemic complications with beta-aminopropionitrile. 3. The beta-aminopropionitrile collagen solutions had the adverse effect on the tendon healings.
Aminopropionitrile ; Chickens ; Collagen ; Hand ; Tendons

Little evidence supports the existence of imprinted genes in chicken. Imprinted genes are thought to be intimately connected with the acquisition of parental resources in mammals; thus, the predicted lack of this type of gene in chicken is not surprising, given that they leave their offspring to their own heritance after conception. In this study, we identified several imprinted genes and their orthologs in human, mouse, and zebrafish, including 30 previously identified human and mouse imprinted genes. Next, using the HomoloGene database, we identified six orthologous genes in human, mouse, and chicken; however, no orthologs were identified for SLC22A18, and mouse Ppp1r9a was not included in the HomoloGene database. Thus, from our analysis, four candidate chicken imprinted genes (IGF2, UBE3A, PHLDA2, and GRB10) were identified. To expand our analysis, zebrafish was included, but no probe ID for UBE3A exists in this species. Thus, ultimately, three candidate imprinted genes (IGF2, PHLDA2, and GRB10) in chicken were identified. GRB10 was not significant in chicken and zebrafish based on the Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test, whereas a weak correlation between PHLDA2 in chicken and human was identified from the Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. Significant associations between human, mouse, chicken, and zebrafish were found for IGF2 and GRB10 using the Friedman's test. Based on our results, IGF2, PHLDA2, and GRB10 are candidate imprinted genes in chicken. Importantly, the strongest candidate was PHLDA2.
Animals ; Chickens ; Fertilization ; Humans ; Mice ; Parents ; Zebrafish

Little evidence supports the existence of imprinted genes in chicken. Imprinted genes are thought to be intimately connected with the acquisition of parental resources in mammals; thus, the predicted lack of this type of gene in chicken is not surprising, given that they leave their offspring to their own heritance after conception. In this study, we identified several imprinted genes and their orthologs in human, mouse, and zebrafish, including 30 previously identified human and mouse imprinted genes. Next, using the HomoloGene database, we identified six orthologous genes in human, mouse, and chicken; however, no orthologs were identified for SLC22A18, and mouse Ppp1r9a was not included in the HomoloGene database. Thus, from our analysis, four candidate chicken imprinted genes (IGF2, UBE3A, PHLDA2, and GRB10) were identified. To expand our analysis, zebrafish was included, but no probe ID for UBE3A exists in this species. Thus, ultimately, three candidate imprinted genes (IGF2, PHLDA2, and GRB10) in chicken were identified. GRB10 was not significant in chicken and zebrafish based on the Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test, whereas a weak correlation between PHLDA2 in chicken and human was identified from the Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. Significant associations between human, mouse, chicken, and zebrafish were found for IGF2 and GRB10 using the Friedman's test. Based on our results, IGF2, PHLDA2, and GRB10 are candidate imprinted genes in chicken. Importantly, the strongest candidate was PHLDA2.
Animals ; Chickens ; Fertilization ; Humans ; Mice ; Parents ; Zebrafish

No abstract available.
Chickens* ; Ovum* ; Peripheral Nerves* ; Trigger Points*

This survey was conducted to find out one serving size and waste rate of frequently consumed dishes in 37 Korean style restaurants. The range of one serving size and waste rate of Pab(boiled rice) were 180~290g and 0~21%, respectively. The mean intakes of Pab were varied according to the kind of dishes served. The waste rate of Yukgaejang(Hot meat soup) is low among Tangban(meat soups). The waste rate of Jeongol(stew with various foods) was higher than other menu items. The average one serving size per person of Pulgogi(grilled meat with sauce), Galbi gui(grilled beef ribs with sauce), Deongsim gui(grilled meat) were 270g, 360g, and 210g, respectively. The average waste rate of side dishes were varied according to dist served. The dish which has higher waste rate than other dishes were Samgaetang(boiled chicken with ginseng), Bokmaeuntang(stew with puffer), Naengmyeun(cold noodle), Pulgogi(grilled meat with sauce), Galbi gui(frilled veef ribs). The reasonable one serving size of dishes based on this survey results was suggested for serving in restaurants.
Chickens ; Humans ; Meat ; Restaurants* ; Ribs ; Serving Size*

Primary varicella infection usuelly runs a benign clinical course in the helthy population. However, hemorrhagic chicken pox presents with a very extensive eruption of hemorrhagic vesicles in patients with decreaed platelets or impaired immunity and is accompanied by severe constitutional symptoms. A 7-year-old male was admi due to abdompal pain for 1 day and peneralized vesicular eruption for 5 days. The eruption first appeared on the trunk and then spread to involved face, scalp and extrsmities. The skin rash was compatable with varicella but despite the administration of acclovir intravenously, the vesicular eruption became hemorrhagic. Ten days after admission, having experienced cardisc arrest twice and with his mental state in coms, he was diseharged as his situation was hopelesa. We have experienced a giatient diagnosed as having hemorrhagie, chicken pox complicated by encephalopathy.
Chickenpox* ; Chickens* ; Child ; Exanthema ; Humans ; Male ; Scalp

Anaphylaxis is a severe systemic allergic reaction that can be fatal in some patients. Identifying the cause of anaphylaxis is very important, because this disease is preventable. Food is one of the most frequent causes of anaphylaxis. Allergy to chicken meat is uncommon, and only a few cases have been reported on anaphylaxis to chicken meat. We herein report on a 7 year-old girl who had anaphylaxis to chicken meat, which was diagnosed with an oral food challenge.
Anaphylaxis ; Chickens ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; Meat ; Polyenes