In this paper a new type of cerebral circulation is introduced, including the basic principal, parameter algorithms and equipment design. The analyzer is developed on the basis of previous cerebral circulation analyzer and combined with the latest development of hemodynamics. It has the advantages of previous analyzer and overcomes its shortcomings frequently encountered in clinical that unable to finish the analysis without detection of all the intracranial vessels. It provides new functional module and adds indices such as hydraulic power, carotidshear stress, comprehensive index etc. This analyzer can be used for cerebral circulation dynamic analysis and auxiliary diagnosis of cerebrovascular diseases.
Algorithms ; Cerebrovascular Circulation ; Cerebrovascular Disorders ; diagnosis ; Equipment Design ; Hemodynamics ; Humans

Blood Pressure ; Cerebrovascular Circulation ; Circle of Willis ; Humans

In anesthetized normocapnic and normotensive dogs, the effect of arterial hypoxemia on cerebral blood flow and oxidative carbohydrate metabolism was studied. The results are as follows: 1) The hypoxic vasodilatory effect on cerevral vessels is intact even at profound systemic hypoxemia(Pao2 30 torr) if Paco2 is controlled within normal limits. 2) CMRO2 did not significantly increase above the normal even during profound arterial hopoxemis, indicating that CMRO2 levels are poor indices of hypoxia. 3) A disporportinately high glycolysis at Pao2 of 50 torr suggested early cerebral metabolic changes which became more marked with further decrease in Pao2. 4) One hour after restitution of normoxia, however, carebral blood flow and metabolism manifested complete recovery. 6) It is concluded that a transient(20 minutes) profoun systemic arterial hypoxemia does not produce prolonged disorder of cerebral blood flow and oxidative carbohydrate metabolism provided that the cerebral perfusion pressure is kept normal.
Animals ; Anoxia* ; Carbohydrate Metabolism ; Cerebrovascular Circulation* ; Dogs ; Glycolysis ; Metabolism*

Cerebrovascular Circulation ; physiology ; Humans ; Microcomputers ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; methods

BACKGROUNDThe feasibility of the mapping of quantitative cerebral blood flow (CBF) named flow-sensitive alternating inversion recovery exempting separate T1 measurement (FAIREST) is still controversial. This study aimed to evaluate the reliability of FAIREST in the measurement of regional CBF (rCBF) in healthy volunteers.

METHODSEighteen healthy volunteers underwent magnetic resonance (MR) scanning with the sequence of FAIREST. While they were at rest, rCBF values were obtained in various brain regions of interest (ROIs). The same scheme was repeated on every subject after two weeks. Statistical analysis was made to determine the effect of location, scan and side on the measurement of rCBF.

RESULTSThe mean CBF values were (122+/-28) ml x (100 g)(-1) x min(-1) and (43+/-10) ml x (100 g)(-1) x min(-1) in the gray and white matter respectively. There was significant main effect of location (t=-12.5, P<0.01), but no significant effect of side. Paired t-test of ROIs in the same slice showed no significant difference in most sites between two scans, except in the gray matter of the bilateral frontal lobes (t=2.18-2.34, P <0.05). However, the rCBF values of the same structure obtained from different slices showed a significant difference (t=-3.49, P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONFAIREST is a reliable technique in the measurement of rCBF, but different imaging slice may affect the agreement of rCBF across the scans.

OBJECTIVETo explore the mechanism of moxibustion at Zusanli (ST 36) and Xuanzhong (GB 39) treatment of ischemic apoplexy, and to evaluate the clinical therapeutic effect.

METHODSWith the design of sequential trial, the patients were divided into a treatment group and a control group. The treatment group were treated by addition with moxibustion at Zusanli (ST 36) and Xuanzhong (GB 39) on the basis of basic expectant treatment, once each day, for 20 consecutive days; and the control group with basic expectant treatment for 20 days. Changes of cerebrovascular functions before and after treatment were investigated by transcranial Doppler ultrasound (TCD) in the matched-pair's patients of ischemic apoplexy; the clinical therapeutic effect was assessed by nervous function defect before and after treatment.

RESULTSAll the test lines of the research targets reached to the effective margin the sequential trial figure, with a significant difference as compared with the control group (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONMoxibustion at Zusanli (ST 36) and Xuanzhong (GB 39) has good regulative action on cerebral vasomotorial response, auto-regulation of cerebral blood flow, and establishment of collateral circulation, and improves recovery nervous functions.

Arterial spin labeling (ASL) technique is a kind of perfusion functional magnetic resonance imaging method that is based on endogenous contrast, and it can measure cerebral blood flow (CBF) noninvasively. The ASL technique has advantages of noninvasiveness, simplicity and relatively lower costs so that it is more suitable for longitudinal studies compared with previous perfusion methods, such as positron emission tomography (PET), single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), CT and the contrast agent based magnetic resonance perfusion imaging. This paper mainly discusses the current clinical applications of ASL in brain diseases as cerebrovascular diseases, brain tumors, Alzheimer's disease and epilepsy, etc.
Animals ; Brain Diseases ; diagnosis ; Brain Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; Cerebrovascular Circulation ; Cerebrovascular Disorders ; diagnosis ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; methods ; Perfusion ; Spin Labels

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: External counterpulsation (ECP) is a noninvasive method used to enhance cerebral perfusion by elevating the blood pressure in ischemic stroke. However, the response of the beat-to-beat blood pressure variability (BPV) in ischemic stroke patients during ECP remains unknown. METHODS: We enrolled recent ischemic stroke patients and healthy controls. Changes in the blood flow velocities in bilateral middle cerebral arteries and the continuous beat-to-beat blood pressure before, during, and after ECP were monitored. Power spectral analysis revealed that the BPV included oscillations at very low frequency (VLF; <0.04 Hz), low frequency (LF; 0.04-0.15 Hz), and high frequency (HF; 0.15-0.40 Hz), and the total power spectral density (TP; <0.40 Hz) and LF/HF ratio were calculated. RESULTS: We found that ECP significantly increased the systolic and diastolic blood pressures in both stroke patients and controls. ECP decreased markedly the systolic and diastolic BPVs at VLF and LF and the TP, and the diastolic BPV at HF when compared with baseline. The decreases in diastolic and systolic BPV reached 37.56% and 23.20%, respectively, at VLF, 21.15% and 12.19% at LF, 8.76% and 16.59% at HF, and 31.92% and 23.62% for the total TP in stroke patients, which did not differ from those in healthy controls. The change in flow velocity on the contralateral side was positively correlated with the total TP systolic BPV change induced by ECP (r=0.312, p=0.035). CONCLUSIONS: ECP reduces the beat-to-beat BPV when increasing the blood pressure and cerebral blood flow velocity in ischemic stroke patients. ECP might be able to improve the clinical outcome by decreasing the beat-to-beat BPV in stroke patients, and this should be explored further in future studies.
Blood Flow Velocity ; Blood Pressure* ; Cerebrovascular Circulation* ; Counterpulsation* ; Humans ; Methods ; Middle Cerebral Artery ; Perfusion ; Stroke*

In the beginning of anesthetic training, one of the clinical practices that anesthetists have to learn is manually controlled ventilator techniques. The popularity of manually controlled ventilatory techniques has been gradually decreased with increased use for anesthetic ventilators. However it is important and basic for the anesthetists to master manually controlled ventilator techniques skillfully. Recently, we analyzed the arterial blood gas in 30 cases before and during general anesthesia, and studied the effects of the manually controlled ventilation on the pulmonary gas exchange. The results were as follow; 1) Mean value of PaCO₂ during the manually controlled ventilation, 29.9±2.0 mmHg was decreased statistically comparing with that of PaCO₂ before the anesthesia, 39.8±2.8 mmHg. 2) Mean values of pH and HCO₃⁻ during the manually controlled ventilation were 7.48±0.03, 22.2±2.4 mEq/1, respectively and values before the anesthesia were 7.41±0.02, 25.2±1.8 mEq/1, respectively. 3) Mean value of PaO₂ and O₂ saturation during the manually controlled ventilation were 270.0±28.8 mmHg, 99.6±0.2%, respectively and values before the anesthesia were 92.5±4.0 mmHg, 96.9±1.0%, respectively. These results indicates that manually controlled ventilation at our department of anesthesiology produced mild hyperventilatory state. However these were no significant changes in cerebral blood flow and other biochemical parameters.
Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, General* ; Anesthesiology ; Cerebrovascular Circulation ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Pulmonary Gas Exchange ; Ventilation* ; Ventilators, Mechanical

Bell's palsy is not a serious disease and recovery is spontaneous in more than half of patients, but this recovery is long delayed in many instances and the cosmetic effect of altered facial appearance is psychologically distressing. Etiology is unknown, but Kettles ischemic hypothesis has been widely accepted. The aim of treatment is to reduce edema and improve circulation to the facial nerve. Stellate ganglion block resulted in abolishing cerebral vascular spasm and in increasing cerebral blood flow. Thus stellate ganglion block is effective in treatment of Bell's palsy. Five patients with idiopathic complete Bells palsy of recent origin were treated by homolateral stellate ganglion block with 1% lidocaine and excellent effects resulted. These cases were reported and the literature reviewed.
Bell Palsy* ; Cerebrovascular Circulation ; Edema ; Facial Nerve ; Humans ; Lidocaine ; Spasm ; Stellate Ganglion*