PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the influences of depression, stress, and self-efficacy on the addiction to cell phone use among university students. METHODS: Data were collected through questionnaires from 563 students and analyzed by applying descriptive statistics, t-test, chi-square test, and stepwise multiple regression with SPSS/WIN 16.0. RESULTS: The proportion of depressed subjects was 52.6%. The addictive group scored higher than the non-addictive group in depression rate and stress, but scored lower in self-efficacy. Out of the subjects, 32.9% were found to be addictive users, 31.3% at potential risk, and 1.6% at high risk. Significant variables influencing addictive users were stress, self-efficacy, and the user's general characteristics including monthly spending money, sex, the hours of daily use, and the main method of use. CONCLUSION: It is concluded that such variables should be carefully considered in interventions for university students addicted to cell phone use.
Cellular Phone ; Depression ; Humans

OBJECTIVE: It is still the important subject that 3D visualizing of medical images to help patient diagnose. There were many challenges for fast 3D visualization but it has some limitations that volume rendering without high price's hardware and software. Some techniques through the web were suggested to construct high quality's 3D visualization even though it was an only poor personal computer. This technique could share the volume rendering board and diagnose 3D images together. However there are some problems to construct web based 3D visualization. These are network delay, optimized visualization and security etc. The purpose of this paper was to visualize and control the 3D medical image having a high quality on the web. METHODS: To construct this system, we used mainly three tools which were VolumePro1000 board, WMV9(Windows Media Video 9 Codec) and socket functions based on TCP(Transmission Control Protocol). VolumePro1000 board could calculate quickly heavy matrixes of 3D images using phong's shading and shear-warp factorization. WMV9 was able to compress efficiently live images and to apply image streaming technique. Socket functions based on TCP transmitted messages to control the 3D images. RESULTS: We developed 3D visualization system and evaluated about image qualities and transmission conditions of different compression rates on unfixed network condition. CONCLUSION: It was big advantages that WMV9 encoder could decode automatically in many platforms(desk top, PDA, notebook, cellular phone, etc) without installing specific decoding programs if they only have Windows Media player. We expect 3D visualization system to be utilized various biomedical fields such as IIGS(Interactive Image Guided Surgery), CAD(Computer Aided Diagnosis) and Tele-medicine technologies.
Cellular Phone ; Humans ; Microcomputers ; Rivers*

PURPOSE: This study was done to develop an education program on cell phone use for elementary school students, and examine its effects on their knowledge, attitude, self-efficacy, and self-control in cell phone use. METHODS: The study was designed using a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design. The participants were 64 elementary school students (31 in the experimental group and 33 in the control group). Students in the experimental group were given the education program on cell phone use. The data were analyzed using the SPSS/WIN 19.0 program. RESULTS: Students in the experimental group reported increased knowledge and attitude regarding cell phone use which were significantly higher than students in the control group (p<.001, p<.001). But, self-efficacy and self-control for students in the experimental group were not different from those in the control group. CONCLUSION: The study results indicate that the education program for cell phone use is effective in increasing knowledge and attitude regarding cell phone use in elementary school students.
Behavior, Addictive ; Cellular Phone ; Humans ; Child Health

PURPOSE: This study was done to develop a cell phone addiction prevention program for middle school students, and to examine the effects of the program on self-esteem, self-efficacy, impulsiveness, and cell phone use. METHODS: The study was designed using a nonequivalent control group pre-test-post-test design. The participants were 63 middle school students (31 in the experimental group and 32 in the control group). Students in the experimental group were given the cell phone addiction prevention program. The data were analyzed using the SPSS/WIN 14.0 program. RESULTS: Students in the experimental group reported a significant increase in self-esteem compared to students in the control group. Students in the experimental group also reported a significant decrease in cell phone use compared to students in the control group. CONCLUSION: The results of the study indicate that the cell phone addiction prevention program was effective in increasing self-esteem and decreasing cell phone use in middle school students.
Behavior, Addictive ; Cellular Phone ; Humans ; Child Health

No abstract available.
Anxiety ; Cellular Phone ; Humans ; Impulsive Behavior

No abstract available.
Anxiety ; Cellular Phone ; Humans ; Impulsive Behavior

PURPOSE: This study was done to identify satisfaction with the method of evaluating practical skills in fundamental nursing through cellular phone animation self-monitoring and feedback. METHOD: The participants were 163 first-year student nurses. Data were collected from October 1 to 5 2007 using a structured questionnaire. RESULTS: The average score for satisfaction was 3.65(+/-.69) and the highest score was for the item, "I was pleased to have the opportunity of relearning by looking back at my behaviors through self monitoring" with 4.05(+/-.89). The average score for dissatisfaction was 3.23(+/-.90) and the highest score was "I memorized only orders according to the checklist" with 3.65(+/-.97). The practical tests method showed a significant difference according to motivation for application to college of nursing (F=3.11, p=.047). There was a significant positive correlation between practical education satisfaction and test method (r=.363, p=.000). CONCLUSION: These findings show that there is a need to develop strategies to improve practical test methods for student nurses.
Cellular Phone ; Humans ; Motivation ; Urinary Catheterization

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: For the hearing-impaired population, quality of sound when listening to speech on mobile phone is often dissatisfactory. Even with a turning up the volume, they feel mobile speech unclear and desire the mobile sounds to be amplified as suited for the hearing characteristics. The purpose of this study was to estimate the appropriateness of NAL-NL1 fitting formula for the hearing-impaired mobile communication. MATERIALS AND METHODS: NAL-NL1 and a modified fitting formula (M-formula) were applied for sound amplification in consideration of individual hearing loss. Amplified speech material was presented for a word-recognition score (WRS) test in each subject. To simulate actual mobile phone sound, all speech material was filtered in 8 kHz low-pass filter and presented through a mobile phone to the subjects. Speech material was categorized into a speech-without-noise group and noisy speech group. RESULTS: Amplified sound with NAL-NL1 formula had a slightly better WRS than amplified speech with M-formula in speech-without-noise environments. However, in the noisy speech group, M-formula showed better WRS than NAL-NL1. CONCLUSIONS: For a good speech-perception in mobile phones, more high-frequency speech components need to be provided, especially for noisy environments. This study showed the possibility that specified fitting strategies may be applied for mobile phones to improve hearing in various environments, as with hearing aids.
Cellular Phone ; Hearing ; Hearing Aids ; Hearing Loss ; Noise

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether the effect of the Internet diabetic education on plasma glucose in people with hyperglycemic diabetes. METHOD: A randomized design with control and experimental groups being assessed pre- and post-intervention was used. Twenty-two patients were randomly assigned to an intervention group and 21 to a control group. Participants were requested to input the blood glucose level weekly in http://www.biodang.com by cellular phone or wire Internet for 3 months. The researcher sends optimal recommendations to each patient using short message service(SMS) of cellular phone and wire Internet weekly. RESULTS: Patients in the intervention group had a mean decrease of 1.3% in glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) levels and those in the control group had no significant difference. There was a significant mean change in 2-hour postprandial blood glucose(2HPPG) for the intervention group, with a mean change of -75.2mg/dl. The mean change in the control group was, however, not significant. CONCLUSION: These findings indicated that a web-based intervention using SMS of cellular phone improved HbA1c and 2HPPG.
Blood Glucose* ; Cellular Phone ; Education* ; Humans ; Hyperglycemia ; Internet*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify cell phone addiction in school-age children and factors influencing addiction. METHODS: The participants were 163 parents of elementary school students in the 1st to 4th grades. Data were collected through self-report questionnaires completed by the parents, and analyzed using the SPSS/WIN 19.0 IBM program. RESULTS: Of the children, 86.5% were reported as being average users, 9.2%, at risk users, and 4.3%, at high risk users. Cell phone addiction in the children was significantly different according to games played by the children and parents' monthly income. Significant factors influencing cell phone addiction in the children were children's self-control, games played by the children, parents' cell phone addiction and parental control for children's cell phone use, explaining 24% of variance in cell phone addiction. CONCLUSION: The findings indicate that cell phone addiction in school-age children is influenced by parent-related factors as well as personal factors. Therefore approaches to education programs on cell phone use in school-age children should include parent-related factors as well as personal factors of the children.
Behavior, Addictive ; Cellular Phone* ; Child* ; Education ; Humans ; Parents ; Surveys and Questionnaires