About 40.3% catholic couples at reproductive age intended to have more than 2 children. The big factors that effected on the size of catholic families were age, education level, and birth interval. The catholic women got married earlier than non-catholic women did and the interval between the first 2 children less than 5 year was quite high (72.8%). Married catholic women went to have abortion less frequent than non-catholic women did and they usually finished their pregnancies by deliveries. The population coordinators and religious leaders participated actively in population and family planning activities and had been accepted by catholics. It was needed to have policies support for population and family planning activities in catholic community.
Family Planning Services, Quality of Life, Catholicism

PURPOSE: This study is to investigate the effect of nurse's competency empowerment and boss' job competency recognition on work performance. METHODS: 216 nurses participated for data collection which was conducted from September 1, 2011 to September 10, 2011. The collected data were analyzed with SPSS/WIN 16.0 and with frequency test, ANOVA, Scheffe test and Multiple regression. RESULTS: Firstly, the work performance in accordance with subject's general characteristics was found to be significant in the 50s, graduate school or higher education, Roman Catholic, charge nurse and 21-years or older. Secondly, the correlation among nurse's competency empowerment, boss' competency recognition and work performance was found to be positively related (r=.501~.639, p<.001). Thirdly, competency empowerment was found to be the most effective factor for work performance, followed by boss' competency recognition and career year, and these factors accounted for 63.5%. CONCLUSION: As the results show that the work performance is highly affected by the nurse's competency empowerment, boss' competency recognition level and career level in clinical environment, effective education programs are required to provide an appropriate experience to both entry-level and experienced nurses, as well as to enhance boss' competency empowerment at the same time.
Catholicism ; Data Collection ; Humans ; Nursing, Supervisory ; Power (Psychology)

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the characteristics of religious orientation and religious life pattern in schizophrenic patients and their relationships to the types and themes of delusion. METHODS: Subjects were 120 schizophrenic patients. Diagnostic criteria used in this study was DSM-III-R. Religious orientations were assessed with the Intrinsic and Extrinsic Religious Orientation Scale. Demographic data, religious data and contents of delusion were also analyzed. RESULTS: 1) Distribution and prevalence of religious affiliations were similar to those of general population in Korea. 2) Religious orientations of the schizophrenic patients changed from the "extrinsic" attitude to the "proreligious" attitude as time passed. 3) Prominent religious orientations were different according to religious affiliation. The "proreligious" orientation and the "intrinsic" orientation were dominant in the religious group, whereas the "extrinsic" orientation and "antireligious" orientation were dominant in the nonreligious group. 4) Religious orientations were different according to the types of religions. The "intrinsic" orientation was dominant in Protestantism and Catholicism, the "extrinsic" orientation was dominant in Buddhism and the "proreligious" orientation was dominant in other type of religious group. 5) Schizophrenic delusion and religious factors showed several characteristic relations First, it was suggested that religion facilitated the psychological maturation and served as a ventilating pathway of guilty feeling. Second, schizophrenic delusion seemed to be affected by the types of the religions. Buddhism group dominantly presented delusion of reference and of guilt, whereas Protestant and Catholic groups dominantly presented delusion of being controlled. Other groups of religion dominantly presented somatic delusion. Third, delusion of guilt was most prevalent in the "extrinsic" attitude and 1311owe4 by the "proreligious" and "intrinsic" attitudes. It was similar to the previous study that guilty feeling was most prevalent in the "extrinsic" attitude in the orders of the "antireligious" , the "proreligious" , and the "intrinsic" attitude. Fourth, religious and supernatural themes of delusion were most dominant in the "intrinsic" attitude, whereas realistic themes of delusion were most dominant in the "extrinsic" attitude. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that religious orientation and other religious factors seem to affect delusion formation and mental health in schizophrenic patients.
Buddhism ; Catholicism ; Delusions* ; Guilt ; Humans ; Korea ; Mental Health ; Prevalence ; Protestantism ; Schizophrenia

This study is about the Sisters of Charity of St. Joseph in New Orleans' Charity Hospital during the years between 1834 and 1860. The Sisters of Charity of St. Joseph was founded in 1809 by Saint Elizabeth Ann Bailey Seton (first native-born North American canonized in 1975) in Emmitsburg, Maryland. Seton's Sisters of Charity was the first community for religious women to be established in the United States and was later incorporated with the French Daughters of Charity of St. Vincent de Paul in 1850. A call to work in New Orleans' Charity Hospital in the 1830s meant a significant achievement for the Sisters of Charity, since it was the second oldest continuously operating public hospitals in the United States until 2005, bearing the same name over the decades. In 1834, Sister Regina Smith and other sisters were officially called to Charity Hospital, in order to supersede the existing "nurses, attendants, and servants," and take a complete charge of the internal management of the Charity Hospital. The existing scholarship on the history of hospitals and Catholic nursing has not integrated the concrete stories of the Sisters of Charity into the broader histories of institutionalized medicine, gender, and religion. Along with a variety of primary sources, this study primarily relies on the Charity Hospital History Folder stored at the Daughters of Charity West Center Province Archives. Located in the "Queen city of the South," Charity Hospital was the center of the southern medical profession and the world's fair of people and diseases. Charity Hospital provided the sisters with a unique situation that religion and medicine became intertwined. The Sisters, as nurses, constructed a new atmosphere of caring for patients and even their families inside and outside the hospital, and built their own separate space within the hospital walls. As hospital managers, the Sisters of Charity were put in complete charge of the hospital, which was never seen in other hospitals. By wearing a distinctive religious garment, they eschewed female dependence and sexuality. As medical and religious attendants at the sick wards, the sisters played a vital role in preparing the patients for a "good death" as well as spiritual wellness. By waging their own war on the Protestant influences, the sisters did their best to build their own sacred place in caring for sick bodies and saving souls. Through the research on the Sisters of Charity at Charity Hospital, this study ultimately sheds light on the ways in which a nineteenth-century southern hospital functioned as a unique environment for the recovery of wellness of the body and soul, shaped and envisioned by the Catholic sister-nurses' gender and religious identities.
*Catholicism ; Charities/*history ; History, 19th Century ; Hospitals, Religious/*history ; Hospitals, Urban/*history ; New Orleans

Year of 1984 is the bicentennial of the birth of Korean Catholic Church. unlike the Churches in most other countries, the Korean Catholic Church was founded by the laity without priest. despite Severe oppression, the Korean Catholic Church sustained its vitality and blossomed out splendid flower of catholicism for the seeds of the blood of many martyrs. By reason of this, the bicentennial(1784-1984) has special meaning for Korean Catholic Church. So, to celebrate the bicentennial and to put into action the love which is basic vocation as christians, the Korean Catholic Church decided to perform free eye operations for the poor blind and assigned 11 Catholic Hospitals including of Kangnam St. Mary's Hospital in Seoul for this project. During the last 2 years and 4 months from 5th of May 1983 to 30th of September, 1985, 1,136 persons (1,350 eyes) underwent operations such as cataract extraction, glaucoma surgery and keratoplasty in these hospitals and the final outcome showed satisfactory result with the good vision improvement.
Cataract Extraction ; Catholicism ; Corneal Transplantation ; Flowers ; Glaucoma ; Humans ; Love ; Occupations ; Parturition ; Seoul

This study was a descriptive research to investigate the health promotion behavior and health status based on Korean adult's constitution. The subjects for the study were 96 adults who were the residents either in Seoul or Taegu city. The instruments used for this study included a survey of general characteristics, health promotion behavior and health status. The data were analyzed using t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient and Scheffe method as post hoc test. The results of this study were summarized as follows : 1) There was no significant difference on the health promotion behavior and health status by constitutions. But, in the relationship between five factors of the health promotion behavior and constitution, there was significant difference on health responsibility by constitutions(F=3.31, P=0.041). According to the scheffe test, Taeumin group performed better behavior for the health promotion than soyangin group. 2) Health promotion behavior was significantly related to health status (r=-0.24, P=0.025), suggesting that the person with high health promotion behavior got higher health status scores. 3) In the relationship between general characteristics variables and health promotion behavior, there were significant differences in education(F=3.12, P=0.031), economic status(F=4.09, P=0.021), religion (F=3.12, P=0.031). The level of health promotion behavior of high educated persons and high economic status persons was high. The persons who believe in Catholicism performed better behavior for the health promotion than the persons who don't get religion. Based on these results, to determining and fully understanding client's constitution are the foundations of Eum-Yang and personal character. Therefore, we have to consider the constitution when we provide nursing care. When we consider the differences of health promotion behavior according to constitution, we can provide the client with the kind of nursing care and health education to satisfy their demands.
Adult ; Catholicism ; Constitution and Bylaws* ; Daegu ; Foundations ; Health Education ; Health Promotion* ; Health Status ; Humans ; Nursing Care ; Seoul

BACKGROUND: Dietary supplements (DS) have been increasingly utilized as a way of the promoting health and complementary therapy. This study aimed to evaluate the patterns of dietary supplement use in Korean cancer patients and to examine the related factors. METHODS: Between April and May of 2008, 366 patients who were hospitalized for diagnosis and treatment of cancer in a university affiliated tertiary hospital were surveyed using a self-administered structured questionnaire after receiving written informed consent. Among them, 322 patients with adequate answers were fi nally included. RESULTS: Two hundred forty patients (72.3%) reported to have ever taken DS with the mean number of 3.6 +/- 2.98. Vitamins were the most frequently used, followed by ginseng steamed red, ginseng, and glucosamine. The most infl uential factor regarding DS use was the recommendation by family members or relatives. The main reason for DS use was for resolution of fatigue, followed by supplementation of therapy, and immune enhancement. Information concerning DS most eager to know about was the effect of DS (44.6%), followed by interaction of DS with therapeutics (33.2%). Doctor (74.4%) was the most preferred health care provider to be consulted concerning DS, but only 34% of DS users have actually consulted with a doctor. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that increasing age, Catholicism, and higher educational level were associated with higher use of DS. CONCLUSION: DS use was very prevalent in cancer patients. In spite of the great need, only small proportion of cancer patients using DS has consulted with a doctor.
Catholicism ; Dietary Supplements ; Fatigue ; Glucosamine ; Health Personnel ; Humans ; Informed Consent ; Logistic Models ; Negotiating ; Panax ; Steam ; Tertiary Care Centers ; Vitamins

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to measure the point prevalence, degree of burnout among nurses assigned at Pavilion 10 in San Lazaro Hospital and determine if there is a correlation of the degree of burnout with selected socio-demographic characteristics.
METHODOLOGY: Purposive sampling of all 19 nurses assigned at Pavilion 10 was conducted. A questionnaire was developed to determine socio-demographic and work-related characteristics of the respondents. Burnout was measured using the Maslach Burnout Inventory Scale coupled with key informant interviews as to possible job stressors that would contribute to nurses burnout.
RESULTS: A mean age of 37.7 years was noted. The majority of the subjects were married, most of whom had spouses working in a non-health related profession. The predominant religion was Roman Catholic (89.5 percent). Most of them lived with their families. The majority of them had been working at the hospital for more than 10 years and at Pavilion 10 for more than 3 months. Most of them had respiratory problems. MBI scores revealed that 63.1 percent of the nurses had high levels of emotional exhaustion, 36.8 percent had low levels of personal achievement but only 26.3 percent had high levels of depersonalization. The mean score for Emotional Exhaustion was high but only average for the personal achievement and depersonalization subscales.
CONCLUSION: The results of the present survey suggest that our nurses were experiencing more burnout than "average". However the high scores on the EE compared to the DP and PA subscales suggest that they were still in the early stages of burnout. Programs designed to alleviate their burnout could prevent its progression. In the analysis of the data, no association was noted between the MBI scores and the selected socio-demographic and work characteristics.

Human ; Male ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Adult ; Burnout, Professional ; Nurses ; Achievement ; Burnout, Professional ; Catholicism ; Depersonalization ; Marriage ; Prevalence ; Spouses ; Surveys And Questionnaires

This study was conducted to vitalize life through analysis on lifestyles, stress and dietary habits of male employees. For this study, questionnaire survey and physical measurements to examine BMI and waist circumference were performed with male employees in four companies located in Gyeongnam. Total 350 copies of the questionnaire were distributed and 327 ones were finally analyzed. The results of analysis on dietary life-related problems and stress were as follows. First, according to BMI, 56.9% were overweight and waist circumference recorded less than 90 cm in 90.5%. For lifestyles, 54.1%, 79.2%, 60.9% and 52.3% smoked, drank alcohol, didn't exercise and didn't sleep sufficiently. Second, for the correlation with job stress, the subjects graduating junior college or lower academic institution, production employees and sleeping insufficiently showed higher compared to the others. Analysis on the correlation with life stress found that conjugal relation stress was higher in alcohol-drinkers, the males not taking dietary supplements, those with a normal weight or more compared to underweight ones. Stress from relation with a child was higher aged 35~49 years than in those aged 20~34 years, and stress from economic life was higher aged less than 50 years, in those graduating junior colleges compared to those graduating colleges, in those sleeping insufficiently. Health life stress was found to be higher in those without religion compared to those with it such as Protestant Christianity and Catholicism, in alcohol drinkers and in those sleeping insufficiently and having a disease. Based on this, in order to improve the lifestyles and dietary habits and release stress effectively, practical nutrition education program should be carried out.
Aged ; Catholicism ; Child ; Christianity ; Coat Protein Complex I ; Dietary Supplements ; Food Habits ; Humans ; Life Style ; Male ; Overweight ; Protestantism ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Smoke ; Stress, Psychological ; Thinness ; Waist Circumference

Hospice palliative care does not aim at the artificial prolongation or artificial hastening of human lives. It helps terminal patients to face the natural end of their lives comfortably, by controlling the suffering of the patients and family members. Hospice in Korea was started in 1965 by Roman Catholic sisters from Australia without successive development, but it has been actively developed since the 1990s. Nevertheless, many tasks remain to be addressed before reasonable and sufficient palliative care can be provided to provide a high quality of life for terminal patients. Laws and regulations for hospice and palliative care should be established and reimbursement from the National Medical Insurance for palliative care also needs to be initiated. In addition, efforts should be made for the education of specialists and lay people to increase the acceptance of hospice and palliative care in Korean society. Ethical issues involved in terminal care, such as the withdrawal of futile treatment and use of advance medical treatment, should be widely discussed within Korean society until a broad consensus is reached.
Australia ; Catholicism ; Consensus ; Hospices ; Humans ; Insurance ; Jurisprudence ; Korea ; Medical Futility ; Palliative Care ; Quality of Life ; Siblings ; Social Control, Formal ; Specialization ; Stress, Psychological ; Terminal Care