Whether indwelling urethral catheter should be removed after urethroplasty or visual internal urethrotomy in patients with posterior urethral injured is still controversial. From May 1990 to February 1995, 28 patients with posterior urethral injury underwent retrograde pericatheter urethrography for the purpose of the evaluation of urethral continuity in the timing of the removal of indwelling urethral catheter. The indwelling catheter was removed in 24 patients whose urethra did not have any extravasation, and 4 patients had detectable extravasation. We conclude that retrograde pericatheter urethrogram is the most useful radiologically diagnostic method to evaluate in the timing of the removal of indwelling urethral catheter and to obtain the objective parameter of urethral patency in posterior urethral injured patients, postoperatively.
Catheters* ; Catheters, Indwelling ; Humans ; Urethra ; Urinary Catheters

We assessed the accuracy of Goldmann or Schi-(phi)tz tonometric readings in the gas filled vitrectomized eyes. We performed pars plana vitrectomy with or without lensectomy in 8 rabbit eyes, and in 6 enucleated porcine eyes. Fluid-air exchange was done at the end of the procedure. Intraocular pressure was measured using Goldmann tonometer and Schi-(phi)tz tonometer and was compared with true pressure which was monitored by manometer with indwelling catheter in the intravitreal cavity. Goldmann and Schi-(phi)tz tonometry always showed lower presure value than manometeric one(P<0.05) and the discrepancy was greater at higher range of intraocular pressure. Between these two methods Goldmann tonometry was more accurate in the rabbit eye (P>0.05).
Catheters, Indwelling ; Intraocular Pressure* ; Manometry ; Reading ; Vitrectomy

It is the fact that parenteral antobiotics have no place in the treatment of the discitis after postoperative state because the antobiotics can not reach the focus of infection on account of the avascular zone of the intervetebral space. The author treats more extensive discitis to place an indwelling rubber catheter into the cavity to a contunuous irrigation with normal saline solution containing antobiotics. The catheter is left are as following ; 1. It is to effect the continuous direct administration of the antobiotics. 2. It is a mechnical effect by flushing out necrotic particles. 3. It is less recurrent infection. 4. The method is very simple, inexpensive. 5. The treated period is very short in contrast with immobilization and systemic antibacterial administration.
Catheters ; Catheters, Indwelling* ; Discitis ; Flushing ; Immobilization ; Rubber ; Sodium Chloride

PURPOSE: To evaluate the usefullness of repeated alcohol sclerotherapy for two days through the percutaneous catheter in the treatment of renal cyst. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Repeated sclerotherapies using absolute ethanol(99.9%) were parformed on 20 renal cysts in 18 patients through the indwelling catheter. The cyst volume ranged from 50 ml to 1000ml(mean, 300ml). Under the ultrasound- or CT-guidance, 6F catheter was inserted into the cyst percutaneously. After aspirating the fluid in the cyst, absolute ethanol was injected. While maintaining the catheter for 16-20 hours, at least 3 times of sclerotherapies performed with total procedure time of 30-60 minutes. Follow-up sonography was performed to evaluate the recurrence or collapse of the cysts at 1 and 3 months after the procedure. RESULTS: Among 20 renal cysts, 2 cases were recurred on 1 month follow-up sonography(10%). However, the volumes of recurred cysts were decreased to 40% and 10%, respectively. There was no immediate or delayed complication after sclerotherapy. DISCUSSION: Repeated sclerotherapy for 2 days using absolute ethanol through the percutaneous catheter insertion is a useful method of treatment for renal cyst.
Catheters* ; Catheters, Indwelling ; Ethanol ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Recurrence ; Sclerotherapy*

In a 2-year period 38 patients with urethral strictures were treated with internal urethrotomy. Over 84% of the patients relieved of their stricture symptoms and reguired no further treatment during the 3 to 28 months of follow up period. The overall morbidity was 10.6%, and mostly cured with conservative treatment. Strictures with the best prospect of cure were short and distal urethral stricture with no urinary infection. The period of indwelling catheter was not influence the overall success rate. Because the simplicity of this technique and the good result obtained we believe that internal urethrotomy often is the best initial approach to the management of strictures.
Catheters, Indwelling ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Urethral Stricture*

Polypoid cystitis is a rare entity and, to our knowledge, has not been described in the radiologic literature.It is frequently found in patients with indwelling catheters and is characterized by inflammation and edema of thelamina propria. We encountered a case of papillary cystitis which on a sonogram showed a solid mass withinhomogeneous internal echopattern ; on CT, a poorly-defined inhomogeneous, dense, soft-tissue density mass withenhancement and perivesical extension ; and on T2 weighted MR images an inter mediate SI mass.
Carcinoma, Transitional Cell* ; Catheters, Indwelling ; Cystitis* ; Edema ; Humans ; Inflammation

Fifteen patients with urethral stricture were treated with Otis urethrotome at our hospital during the period from November 1982 to August 1983. The results were as follows: 1. The age distribution ranges from 13 to 48years old, the mean of 15 cases was 34.7 years old, The causes of urethral stricture were traumatic in 13 cases and iatrogenic in 2. The sites of urethral stricture were anterior urethra in 8 cases and posterior in 7. The preliminary managements before internal urethrotomy were cystostomy in 11 cases, urethroplasty in 3 and internal urethrotomy with Maisonneuve urethrotome in 1. 2. The length of urethral stricture measured on preoperative retrograde urethrogram and < or =0.5 cm in 2 cases, 0.6-1.0 cm in 6, 1.1-2.0 cm in 3 and 2.1-3.0 cm. in 4, All of them revealed < or =3.0 cm. 3. The foley catheter was indwelled for the period from 2 to 6 weeks and mean duration of the indwelling catheter was 19.3 days; < or =3 weeks in 8 cases and >3 weeks in 7. 4. Satisfactory (> or =20 ml/sec) and improved maximum flow (15 to 19 ml/sec) were in 10 cases and unsatisfactory (< or =14 ml/sec) in 5, three of them followed visual internal urethrotomy and satisfactory results were obtained. The retrograde urethrograms were slightly improved postoperatively. 5. Postoperative complications noticed in 3 cases (20%); false way in 2 cases, urethral bleeding associated with fever in one. From above experience, we believe that internal urethrotomy is a valuable method for nearly all types of patent urethral stricture.
Age Distribution ; Catheters ; Catheters, Indwelling ; Cystostomy ; Fever ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Postoperative Complications ; Urethra ; Urethral Stricture*

One hundred fifty bacteriae isolated in significant numbers from 96 specimens of urine of the 45 in-patients with long-term indwelling catheter were evaluated from January, 1978 to July. 1979 and the following results were obtained; 1. In 20 patients (44.4%), positive urine culture was obtained within 10 days after indwelled catheter in the urinary tract and 97.9% of the patients revealed the positive urine culture within 20 days after that. 2. Of 150 bacterial strains isolated by cultures of the urine, 96% was gram-negative bacteria and 4% was gram-positive. Isolated organisms included klebsiella(27.4%), E.coli(23.3%). proteus(14.7%), pseudomonas(12.0%). coliform bacilli(10.0%). other gram-negative organism (8.6%), staphylococcus(2.7%) and streptococcus (l.3%) in order of frequency. 3. In 4 patients(8.9%), bacteremia was developed. Isolated organism from blood culture and those from urine culture were same. The mortality rate was 50%.
Bacteremia ; Bacteria ; Catheters ; Catheters, Indwelling* ; Gram-Negative Bacteria ; Humans ; Mortality ; Streptococcus ; Urinary Tract Infections* ; Urinary Tract*

PURPOSE: To evaluate the usefulness and safety of the placement of an implantable chemoport via external jugular vein as a primary route for chemotherapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between January 2006 and June 2007, a total of 108 implantable chemoports were placed on 325 patients for chemotherapy via the external jugular vein as a primary route. We placed a 9.6 F single lumen chemoport using a surgical procedure (n=89) and an interventional procedure (n=19), and evaluated the duration of catheterization days and treatment complications. RESULTS: An implantable chemoport was successfully installed in all cases. Furthermore, the duration of catheterization ranged from 2 to 461 days (mean: 187 days, total catheter days: 21,994). In addition, a total of 85 chemoports were removed due to complications (n=7) and termination of chemotherapy (n=78). A transient pulmonary air embolism occurring during a procedure was observed in one case. No pneumothorax or catheter malpositions were observed in the study subjects. Two chemoports were removed two days after implantation due to persistent tachycardia. In addition, five late complications occurred, which resulted in catheter occlusion (3 cases) (3%, 0.14/1000 catheter day) and infection in (2 cases) (2%, 0.09/1000 Catheter days). Lastly, no symptoms were attributed to a central vein thrombosis. CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggest that the implantation of chemoports via the external jugular vein is a safe procedure. Moreover, the selection of the external jugular vein as a primary route is useful in determining chemoport insertion locations.
Catheterization ; Catheterization, Central Venous ; Catheters ; Catheters, Indwelling ; Embolism, Air ; Humans ; Jugular Veins ; Pneumothorax ; Tachycardia ; Thrombosis ; Veins

BACKGROUND: Epidural analgesia is commonly used to provide several types of pain relief. Although this technique has been widely used with many advantages, currently the complications appear to be increasing. Especially, inadvertent intravascular cannulation and intravascular local anesthetic administration can lead to fatal consequences. METHODS: Data was collected on 296 patients undergoing elective thoracic or abdominal surgery. Two detection methods were utilized to confirm the epidural intravascular cannulation; flashback and aspiration of indwelling catheter, and injection of a contrast agent through the catheter under fluoroscopy were used to guide the placement of the catheter and to examine the intravascular cannulation. RESULTS: Epidural intravascular cannulation was reported in 4 out of 296 cases (1.4%), and 1 patient underwent subdural cannulation. Among the 4 cases of epidural intravascular cannulation, two were confirmed by the flashback and aspiration methods, while the remaining cases were only detected by real time fluoroscopy. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, inadvertent epidural intravascular cannulation occurred by as much as 1.4% of thoracic epidural catheterization. Utilizing real time fluoroscopy in addition to flashback and aspiration can enhance the sensitivity of detection.
Analgesia ; Analgesia, Epidural ; Blood Vessels ; Catheterization ; Catheters ; Catheters, Indwelling ; Epidural Space ; Fluoroscopy ; Humans ; Incidence ; Thorax