CD4 Antigens ; blood ; CD4-CD8 Ratio ; CD8 Antigens ; blood ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Seizures, Febrile ; immunology

OBJECTIVETo observe changes in T cell subsets in children with sepsis and their prognosis, and to investigate the clinical significance of these changes in the occurrence and development of sepsis.

METHODSFifty children with severe sepsis and 150 children with general sepsis were enrolled as subjects, and 50 age-matched healthy children were included as controls. The percentages of CD3(+), CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells in peripheral blood and CD4(+)/CD8(+) ratio were measured by flow cytometry. The pediatric critical illness score (PCIS) was calculated within 24 hours of admission.

RESULTSThe children with severe sepsis showed significantly lower percentages of CD3(+), CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells CD4(+)/CD8(+) ratio and PCIS than the controls and children with general sepsis (P<0.01). Among the 200 cases of sepsis, the percentages of CD3(+), CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells, CD4(+)/CD8(+) ratio and PCIS were significantly lower in the cured group than in the deceased group.

CONCLUSIONSChildren with sepsis have different degrees of cellular immunosuppression, and the degree of cellular immunosuppression is significantly correlated with the severity of the disease. Detection of T cell subsets in peripheral blood is of great significance for evaluating immune function and judging disease severity in children with sepsis.

CD4-CD8 Ratio ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Prognosis ; Sepsis ; immunology ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets ; immunology

OBJECTIVETo investigate the impact of continuous blood purification (CBP) on T-cell subsets and prognosis in children with severe sepsis.

METHODSA total of 42 children with severe sepsis were randomly divided into a control group (n=22) and a CBP group (n=20). The patients in the control group received conventional treatment, while those in the CBP group underwent continuous veno-venous hemofiltration daily 12-24 hours for 3 days besides conventional treatment. Changes in clinical variables and in peripheral blood regulatory T cell subsets were assessed 3 and 7 days after treatment.

RESULTSThe pediatric intensive care unit length of stay and duration of mechanical ventilation were significantly shortened and the 28-day mortality rate was significantly lower in the CPB treatment group as compared with the control group (P<0.05). In the CBP treatment group, the percentage of CD3(+), CD4(+), CD8(+) T cell populations and PCIS scores were significantly higher at 3 and 7 days after treatment than before treatment (P<0.05). At 7 days after treatment, the percentage of CD3(+), CD4(+), CD8(+) T cell populations, CD4(+)/CD8(+) ratio and PCIS scores were significantly higher in the CBP group than in the control group (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONSThe CBP treatment may counteract the suppression of immune function and thus improve prognosis in children with severe sepsis.

CD4-CD8 Ratio ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Hemofiltration ; Humans ; Male ; Sepsis ; immunology ; therapy ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets ; immunology

This study was purposed to investigate the changes of peripheral blood T cells in children with acute leukemia at different stages and understand the immune status of children with leukemia. The CD4⁺, CD8⁺, CD4⁺/ CD8⁺ ratio, CD3⁺ and NK cells in 42 children with acute leukemia and 50 cases of normal children (as control group) were determined by flow cytometry at different periods after complete remission. The results showed that the CD3⁺ CD4⁺, CD8⁺ rate and CD4⁺/CD8⁺ ratio in newly diagnosed ALL and AML children were significantly lower than those in control group (P < 0.05). The NK cell count in newly diagnosed children with acute leukemia was significantly lower than that in control group (P < 0.05). Although the NK cell count in ALL and AML children gradually rose at 3, 6, 12 months after complete remission, but it still was statistically different from normal control group (P < 0.05). It is concluded that children with acute leukima have cellular immune disfunction at onset and during treatment, but the cell immune function gradually recovered after complete remission achieved. However, its recovery rate is slow. The results of this study can provided a basis for subsequently use of immunomodulations in leukemia children.
CD4-CD8 Ratio ; Child ; Flow Cytometry ; Humans ; Killer Cells, Natural ; Leukemia ; immunology ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets ; immunology

OBJECTIVETo analyze the relationship of anxiety state with CD4(+) level and CD4(+)/CD8(+) ratio and to observe the effect of Chinese medicine (CM) treatment on anxiety in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients.

METHODSThe anxiety state of 120 CHB patients was evaluated based on Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA) scoring. According to the scores, 63 patients with scores ≥14 were classified to anxiety and 57 patients with scores <14 to non-anxiety. The differences in CD4(+) cells and CD4(+)/CD8(+) ratio between patients with anxiety and non-anxiety were analyzed. Moreover, 63 patients with anxiety were randomized into two groups: 31 in the control group were treated with lamivudine (100 mg per day) alone and 32 in the observation group were given equal dosage lamivudine combined with CM treatment depending on syndrome differentiation, all for 12 weeks. The effects of treatment on anxiety state and T-lymphocyte subsets as well as its impact on some CHB-related indices were observed and compared.

RESULTSThe anxiety state of CHB patients was negatively correlated with CD4(+) and CD4(+)/CD8(+); the level of CD4(+) in patients with anxiety was significantly lower than that in non-anxiety patients (P<0.01 or P<0.05). After treatment, anxiety state in the observation group was significantly improved, with their HAMA scores significantly lowered (P<0.01), and the levels of CD4(+) and CD4(+)/CD8(+) were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Moreover, the alanine transaminase recovery rate and the HBV-DNA-negative conversion rate in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group, respectively (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONSThe anxiety state of CHB patients was related to CD4(+) and CD4(+)/CD8(+) levels. CM treatment could improve the anxiety state and showed certain regulatory effect on the patients' immune system.

Anxiety ; immunology ; therapy ; CD4-CD8 Ratio ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; immunology ; psychology ; therapy ; Humans ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets

OBJECTIVETo study dynamics of T lymphocyte subsets in severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS).

METHODSSequential anti-coagulated blood samples were collected from 46 cases of SARS patients during the 1st week, the 2nd week, the 3rd-5th week and the 8th-12th week after the infection. T lymphocyte subsets including CD3+CD4+ cells, CD3+CD8+ cells, naive CD4+ cells (CD4+CD45RA+CD62L+) and activated CD8+ cells (CD8+CD38+) were detected by 3-color flow cytometry. Fifty-six normal healthy blood donors were also detected as normal controls.

RESULTSCompared with the results of normal controls, both of the percentages of CD4+ cells and CD8+ cells of SARS patients were in normal levels during the 1st week, but the cell counts decreased significantly to (306 +/- 140)/mm3 and (270 +/- 143)/mm3, respectively. The cell count of naive CD4+ subset also remarkably decreased to (96 +/- 49)/mm3, and the percentage of CD8+CD38+ subset was higher than that of normal controls [(59.3 +/- 12.6)% vs (44.9 +/- 12.5)%]. During the 3rd-5th week, the CD8+ cell count and the percentage of CD8+CD38+ subset reached normal values, which were (581 +/- 356)/mm3 and (40.1 +/- 17.6)%, respectively. During the 8th-12th week, the cell counts of CD4+ cell [(578 +/- 193)/mm3] and naive CD4+ subset [(176 +/- 64)/mm3] were still less than those of normal controls, while compared with those of the 1st week, the increments were remarkable.

CONCLUSIONST lymphocytes of SARS patients decreased dramatically but could be obviously resumed in a short time. It will take more than 8-12 weeks for CD4+ cell and naive CD4+ subset to reach to normal levels.

Adult ; CD4 Lymphocyte Count ; CD4-CD8 Ratio ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes ; immunology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ; immunology ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets ; immunology

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of acupuncture on the immune function of sepsis patients.

METHODSNinety sepsis patients were assigned to the control group, the thymosin a1 group, and the acupuncture treatment group according to random digit table, 30 patients in each group. Patients in the control group were treated according to the guideline of Surviving Sepsis Campaign (SSC). Patients in the control group received routine treatment. Those in the thymosin alpha1 group additionally received subdermal injection of thymosin alpha1 (1.6 mg), once per day for 6 successive days. Needling at related points such as Zusanli (ST36), Yanglingquan (GB34), Neiguan (PC6), Guanyuan (RN4), and so on, was performed in patients of the acupuncture treatment group, once per day for 6 successive days. T cell subgroups (CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD4+ /CD8+) and immunoglobulin levels (IgG, IgA, IgM) were detected. The length of ICU hospital stay, hospital readmission rate, and 28-day mortality were compared among the three groups.

RESULTSAfter six days of treatment, CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, IgG, IgA, IgM, and CD4+ /CD8+ ratio of three groups were all significantly increased (P < 0.01). Of them, CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, IgG, IgA, and IgM increased more significantly in the thymosin alpha1 group and the acupuncture treatment group (P < 0.01). Compared with the control group, the ICU hospitalization length was significantly shortened, the hospital readmission rate and the 28-day mortality were lower in the thymosin alpha1 group and the acupuncture treatment group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). There was no statistical difference in each index between the thymosin alpha1 group and the acupuncture treatment group (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONAcupuncture could adjust the immune function of sepsis patients, improve their immunological indicators and prognoses.

Acupuncture Therapy ; CD4-CD8 Ratio ; Humans ; Length of Stay ; Prognosis ; Sepsis ; diagnosis ; immunology ; therapy ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets ; Thymosin ; analogs & derivatives

To explore the relationship between T cell markers in hematological diseases and T cell markers in solid tumor, CD3, CD4, CD8 in hematological diseases, malignant and benign tumors were detected by flow cytometry and results were analyzed statistically. The results showed that CD3, CD4, CD8 and CD4/CD8 in chronic leukemia decreased significantly while these markers in acute leukemia and MDS decreased obviously in comparison with normal persons and other hematological diseases (P < 0.0l). Hemolytic anemia markers increased significantly (P < 0.05). CD3, CD4, CD4/CD8 in idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura decreased and CD8 increased (P < 0.0l). CD3, CD4, CD8 in iron-deficiency anemia, anemia from chronic diseases, benign tumor and other hematological diseases were lower than those in normal persons and hemolytic anemia, but higher than those in acute and chronic leukemia, malignant tumor, granulocytopenia, and MDS (P > 0.05). It is notable that the above markers correlated with the development and prognosis of diseases. In conclusion, expression of CD3, CD4, CD8, CD4/CD8 contributes to diagnosis of hematological diseases and benign or malignant tumors, and is an important indicator for therapeutic strategy.
Anemia ; immunology ; CD4-CD8 Ratio ; Hematologic Diseases ; immunology ; Humans ; Leukemia ; immunology ; Myelodysplastic Syndromes ; immunology ; Neoplasms ; immunology ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets ; immunology

OBJECTIVETo study the levels of CD4+ CD25+ Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) in the peripheral blood of children with epilepsy and the roles of Tregs in the pathogenesis of epilepsy.

METHODSForty-one children with epilepsy and thirty-eight healthy children were enrolled. The percentage of CD4+ CD25+ Foxp3+ Tregs in CD4+ T cells and the percentages of CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, nature killer (NK) cells and B cells in lymphocytes were evaluated by flow cytometry.

RESULTSThe percentages of peripheral blood CD4+ CD25+ Foxp3+ Tregs and CD4+ T cells and the ratio of CD4+ T cells to CD8+ T cells in epileptic children were (2.4±0.5)%, (35±5)% and 1.32±0.24 respectively, which were significantly lower than those in healthy children ［(6.1±1.2)%, (38±4)% and 1.60±0.24 respectively; P<0.05］. In contrast, the percentages of CD8+ T cells, NK cells and B cells in lymphocytes in epileptic children were significantly higher than those in healthy children［(27±3)% vs (24±3)%, (11.1±5.1)% vs (8.5±1.9)% and (24±9)% vs (16±5)% respectively; P<0.05］.

CONCLUSIONSThe abnormal percentage of CD4+ CD25+ Foxp3+ Tregs in the peripheral blood may be involved in the pathogenesis of epilepsy.

CD4-CD8 Ratio ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Epilepsy ; immunology ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Killer Cells, Natural ; immunology ; Male ; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory ; immunology

The study was aimed to investigate the changes of T-cell subgroups in the peripheral blood (PB) of patients with aplastic anemia (AA) and the relationships between these changes and the pathogenesis of AA and the immunosuppressive therapeutic effects in AA, in order to provide a basis for selecting rational therapy of AA patients. T-cell subtype and the ratio of CD4+/CD8+ cell in the PB of 88 AA patients which had been diagnosed clearly and given conventional therapy or conventional therapy combined with immunotherapy were analyzed by tri-colour fluorescence-labeled monoclonal antibody and using multiparameter flow cytometry. The patients with AA were divided into normal type of ratio, inverted type of ratio, hypernormal type of ratio according to the ratio of CD4+/CD8+ cell in normal group, and then the relations of these subtype with patients' conditions and therapeutic effects were investigated. The results showed that the percentage of normal type of ratio in all patients was 39.8%, the percentage of inverted type of ratio in all patients was 44.3%, The percentage of hypernormal type of ratio in all patients was 15.9%. In the conventional therapy alone, there was no significant difference on therapeutic effects among these three immunological subtypes. In combined immunotherapy, total therapeutic efficacy of AA patients with inverted type of ratio and AA patients with immunologic abnormality (inverted type + hypernormal type) was 84.2% and 82.6% respectively, which were more than that in conventional therapy (45.5% and 42.8%) (p < 0.05). Total therapeutic efficacy in these patients was better than that in AA patients with normal type. It is concluded that significant abnormal ratios of CD4+/CD8+ exist in the majority of AA patients, abnormal ratios of CD4+/CD8+ both may be showed as increase or decrease, immunologic abnormality may play a role in pathogenesis of the patients with AA. The detection of PB T-cell subtype in patients with aplastic anemia contributes to evaluation of patients' condition and choice of rational treatment prescription, and enhancement of diagnostic level and therapeutic efficacy significantly, which is an important indicator for therapeutic strategy also.
Adult ; Anemia, Aplastic ; immunology ; CD4-CD8 Ratio ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets ; cytology ; immunology ; Young Adult