No abstract available.
Bronchoscopes*

No abstract available.
Bronchoscopes ; Hematoma ; Humans ; Intubation

No abstract available.
Bronchoscopes ; Intubation, Intratracheal ; Laryngeal Masks

This was a retrospective descriptive study of 105 patients who underwent postoperative endoscopy of the hepatobiliary tract through the T-tube tract. The first 42 consecutive patients (Group A) underwent the procedure from May 1997 to June 1998 wherein a bronchoscope (Pentax 4.9 mm.) was used. The next 63 consecutive patients (Group B) underwent the procedure from July 1998 to August 1999 and a choledoscope (Olympus CHF type P-20) was used. In Group A, 40 patients had retained stones and in Group B, 48 patients had retained stones, for a total of 88 (84%) cases with residual stones diagnosed. The average number of sessions were 5.2 and 2.7 for Group A and Group B, respectively. The clearance rate was 95 percent for Group A and 91.7 per cent for Group B

BACKGROUND: Accurate knowledge of mainstem bronchial lengths are required to prevent malpositioning of double lumen endobronchial tubes (DLT). Therefore we evaluated the length of the mainstem bronchus in Korean adults who had no abnormalities in both mainstem bronchus. METHODS: Two-hundred Thirty-seven patients were composed of One-hundred one males and One- hundred Thirty-six females who underwent elective surgery. After an endotracheal tube was placed, we measured the length from the upper incisor to the tracheal carina, the right mainstem bronchial carina, and the left mainstem bronchial carina using a fiberoptic bronchoscope. RESULTS: The lengths from the upper incisor to the carina of a male and female were 26.8 +/- 1.8 cm and 23.6 +/- 1.9 cm respectively, and the correlations between their length and height are significant for male and female (r = 0.32, P < 0.01 and r = 0.56, p < 0.0001). The lengths from the upper incisor to the right mainstem bronchial carina of male and female were 29.0 2.0 cm and 25.3 2.2 cm respectively, and the correlations between their length and height are significant for male and female (r = 0.39, P < 0.0001 and r = 0.59, P < 0.0001). The lengths from the upper incisor to the left mainstem bronchial carina of male and female were 32.0 2.1 cm and 28.5 2.1 cm respectively, and the correlations between their length and height are significant for male and female (r = 0.45, P < 0.0001 and r = 0.60, P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: We found that as the height of patients increased, the length from the upper incisor to the carina, the right mainstem bronchial carina, and the left mainstem bronchial carina increased. Nevertheless,it should be understood that the length of DLT insertion at any given height is still normally distributed, and correct DLT positioning should always be confirmed fiberoptically after the initial placement.
Adult* ; Bronchi ; Bronchoscopes* ; Female ; Humans ; Incisor* ; Male

Anesthesia, Intravenous ; Bronchoscopes ; Bronchoscopy ; Humans ; Pneumoconiosis ; diagnosis

Bronchoscopes ; Bronchoscopy ; instrumentation ; methods ; Child ; China ; Humans

BACKGROUND: Accurate placement of double-lumen endobronchial tube(DLT) is essential for successful one-lung anesthesia. This study was performed to evaluate the effectiveness of bronchial cuff inflation technique for accurate placement of DLT. METHODS: One hundred and five patients undergoing elective thoracotomy which required the use of DLTs were studied. Following induction of anesthesia, the tip of the left-sided DLT was advanced just past the vocal cords, the stylet in the endobronchial lumen was removed and the tube was rotated 90 degrees counterclockwise. After rotation of DLT, the bronchial cuff was inflated with air(4-6 ml) and the tube was advanced until resistance to further passage was encountered. After deflating of the bronchial cuff, the tube was advanced 2 cm more distally. The fiberoptic bronchoscopy was then introduced into the tracheal lumen of the tube and the tube's position was evaluated. RESULTS: In the 100 patients out of 105 patients, the tube was inserted into the left side bronchus correctly. In the 77 patients(77 %) out of 100 patients, the position of DLTs was evaluated as ideally placed. In the 16 patients(16 %), the tube was evaluated as too deeply inserted into the appropriate bronchus and in the other 7 patients, the tube was too shallow. But only one patient needed repositioning. CONCLUSIONS: Bronchial cuff inflation technique may be useful for accurate placement of DLT for the one-lung anesthesia in the situation without fiberoptic bronchoscope.
Anesthesia ; Bronchi ; Bronchoscopes ; Bronchoscopy ; Humans ; Inflation, Economic* ; Thoracotomy ; Vocal Cords

BACKGREOUND: When a double-lumen endotracheal tube (DLT) is used for one-lung ventilation, its position should be accurate. But only a few studies has been performed about how to predict the depth of insertion for DLT preoperatively. The purpose of this study is to investigate which physical measurements are correlated with the depth of insertion for left-sided DLT and how the depth of insertion for DLT can be explained with these physical measurements. METHODS: After placing a 5 cm-high pillow under the patient's head, we intubated left-sided disposable DLT (BronchocathTM, Mallinckrodt medical Ltd, USA) in 65 adults. We tape-measured sternocleidomastoid muscle (SCM) length and sternal length. We positioned the proximal margin of the bronchial cuff of DLT just below carinal bifurcation through fiberoptic bronchoscope, and recorded the depth of insertion for DLT at the upper incisor level. RESULTS: The depth of insertion for DLT was correlated with both height (y=3.96+0.15x, r2=0.51, p=0.0001) and SCM length (y=16.73+0.82x, r2=0.49, p=0.0001). Sternal length (r2=0.11, p=0.0081) was weakly correlated with the depth of insertion for DLT. The best regression model was depth of insertion for DLT (cm)=6.88+0.09 height (cm)x0.46 SCM length (cm). CONCLUSIONS: The depth of insertion for DLT is correlated with SCM length as well as height. So we may use them in predicting the depth of insertion for DLT.
Adult ; Bronchoscopes ; Head ; Humans ; Incisor ; One-Lung Ventilation

To minimize morbidity arising from airway management related to anesthesia, the anesthesiologist performs a through history and physical examination and approaches all patients with well-through-out plans for various eventualities. Numerous anatomic and pathologic abnormalities may lead to difficult tracheal intubation. Failed tracheal intubation is frustrating, increase the risk of pulmonary aspiration, and may contribute to organ ischemia and then it imminently endangers the patients life and necessitates invasive approaches to ventilation. Use of the flexible fiberoptic bronchoscope has become an essential skill for anesthesiologists confronted with anatomic or physiologic abnormalities of the upper airway. The widespread availability of flexible fiberoptic bronchoscope has allowed anesthesiologists to use fiberoptic techniques eariler in airway instrumentation and, thereby, avoid failed intubation and trauma to the airway. This review will focus on practical information that will aid in successful utilization of fiberoptic bronchoscope.
Airway Management ; Anesthesia ; Bronchoscopes ; Humans ; Intubation ; Ischemia ; Physical Examination ; Ventilation