No abstract available.
Bone Regeneration* ; Bone Substitutes*

No abstract available.
Bone Substitutes* ; Polyethylene*

Artificial bone replacement has made an important contribution to safeguard human health and improve the quality of life. The application requirements of rapid prototyping technology based on reverse engineering in individualized artificial bone with individual differences are particularly urgent. This paper reviewed the current research and applications of rapid prototyping and reverse engineering in artificial bone. The research developments and the outlook of bone kinematics and dynamics simulation are also introduced.
Biomedical Engineering ; Bone Substitutes ; Bone and Bones ; Humans

The ultimate goal of periodontal treatment is to regenerate the lost periodontal apparatus. Many studies were performed in developing an ideal bone substitute. Anorganic bovine-derived xenograft is one of the bone substitues, which were studied and have been shown successful for decades. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect anorganic bovine-derived xenograft. Total of 20 patients, with 10 patients receiving only modified widman flap, and the other 10 receiving anorganic bovine-derived xenograft and flap surgery, were included in the study. Clinical parameters were recorded before surgery and after 6 months. The results are as follows: 1. The test group treated with anorganic bovine-derived xenograft showed reduction in periodontal pocket depth and clinical attachment level with statistically significance(p<0.001) after 6 months. The control group treated with only modified Widman flap showed reduction only in periodontal pocket depth with statistically significance(p<0.001) after 6 months. 2. Although periodontal probing depth change during 6 months did not show any significant differences between the test group and the control group, clinical attachment level gain and recession change showed significant differences between the two groups(p<0.05). On the basis of these results, anorganic bovine-derived xenograft improves probing depth and clinical attachment level in periodontal intrabony defects. Anorganic bovine-derived xenograft could be a predictable bone substitute in clinical use.
Bone Substitutes ; Heterografts ; Humans ; Periodontal Pocket

To investigate the effect of the periosteum for the new bone formation into bone substitutes, artificial full thickness calvarial bone defects were made in diameter of 6mm in 45 New Zieland white rabbits and the defects were filled with Medpor(R) and Biocoral(R) as bone substitutes and with Surgicel(R) as control material. Each group was then divided into three sub-groups: non-periosteal group, periosteal flap group and periosteal graft group. Bone formation was investigated morphologically, radiologically and histologically and the degree of bone formation was calculated with scanner(Scanmaker III, Microtek Co.)and image processing program. In the non-periosteal group, there was no bone formation in all artificial bone substitutes 10 days after experiment. The amount of bone formation in Biocoral(R), Medpor(R) and Surgicel(R) was 3.58 +/- 1.70%, 0.00%, 2.11 +/- 1.73% respectively 6 weeks after experiment, and 27.43 +/- 11.92%, 15.72 +/- 5.47% and 3.59 +/- 2.18% respectively 3 months after experiment. In the periosteal flap group, there was no bone formation in Medpor(R) and Surgicel(R) but 6.84 +/- 3.21% of the bone formation in Biocoral(R) 6 weeks after experiment. The amount of bone formation in Biocoral(R), Medpor(R) and Surgicel(R) was 41.83 +/- 11.32%, 20.72 +/- 6.53% and 22.32 +/- 5.85% respectively 3 months after experiment. In the periosteal graft group, there was cartilage formation in Biocoral(R) and Medpor(R) 10 days after experiment. The amount of bone formation in Biocoral(R), Medpor(R) and Surgicel(R) was 25.38 +/- 6.49%, 17.16 +/- 4.03%, 7.95 +/- 3.17% respectively 6 weeks after experiment and 80.87 +/- 11.24%, 41.20 +/- 8.87%, 44.93 +/- 16.48% respectively 3 months after experiment. In conclusion, the periosteum played an important role for the bone formation into bone substitutes of Biocoral(R) and Medpor(R). The amount of bone formation was the greatest in the periosteal graft group among three groups and greater in Biocoral(R) than in Medpor(R).
Bone Substitutes* ; Cartilage ; Osteogenesis* ; Periosteum* ; Rabbits ; Transplants

Bovine bone-derived bone substitutes are widely used for treatment of bone defects in dental and orthopedic regenerative surgery. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the basic characteristics of deproteinized bovine bone mineral as a bone graft substitute. Commercially available products from three different bovine bone minerals-Bio-Oss(Geistlich-Pharma, Switzerland), BBP(Oscotec, Korea), Osteograf/N-300(Dentsply Friadent Ceramed, USA) - were investigated. They were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy(SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer(EDS), surface area analysis(BET), and Kjeldahl protein analysis. Cell viability on different products was evaluated by 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide(MTT) assay. The results of this study indicated that each bone substitute displayed distinct surface properties. Furthermore, Kjeldahl protein analysis indicated that residual crude proteins are present in deproteinized bovine bone mineral. BBP showed relatively large amount of residual protein, which indicated that the possibility of disease transmission can not be safely ruled out. Based on the results of this study, it is suggested that active quality management is strongly needed in operations that involve processing bovine bone tissue for medical use.
Bone and Bones ; Bone Substitutes* ; Cell Survival ; Orthopedics ; Surface Properties ; Transplants*

OBJECTIVEAfter sinboneHT bone replacement (SBR) was implanted in animals, to evaluate the biocompatibility of SBR and compounded in autogenetic bone in the proportion of one to one in order to prepare for the clinical applications in the future.

METHODSBone defects of 10 mm x l0 mm x 2 mm was made at the mandibular of rabbits, then SBR with different granule diameter and autogenetic bone was compounded in the proportion of being applied in the left defects, while autogenetic bone was implanted in the right defects and nothing was used in the right reformed defects. Animals were sacrificed at 2, 4 and 8 weeks respectively. The biologic capacity was evaluated with anatomy, X-rays studies and histology.

RESULTSSBR has better biocompatibility, which can effectively accelerate the reconstruction of bone defects and help the new bone by being compounded with autogenetic bone. It provides the appropriate scaffold or template which would allow cellular infiltration, attachment and multiplication.

CONCLUSIONSBR is a kind of bone substitute material with good biocompatibility. SBR compounded with self-bone has a better regeneration function.

Animals ; Bone Regeneration ; Bone Substitutes ; Mandible ; Rabbits ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures

Characteristics of collapsed tibial plateau fracture determines that the joint surface must remain anatomical reduction,line of force in tibial must exist and internal fixation must be strong. However, while renewing articular surface smoothness, surgeons have a lot of problems in dealing with bone defect under the joint surface. Current materials used for bone defect treatment include three categories: autologous bone, allograft bone and bone substitutes. Some scholars think that autologous bone grafts have a number of drawbacks, such as increasing trauma, prolonged operation time, the limited source, bone area bleeding,continuous pain, local infection and anesthesia,but most scholars believe that the autologous cancellous bone graft is still the golden standard. Allograft bone has the ability of bone conduction, but the existence of immune responses, the possibility of a virus infection, and the limited source of the allograft cannot meet the clinical demands. Likewise, bone substitutes have the problem that osteogenesis does not match with degradation in rates. Clinical doctors can meet the demand of the patient's bone graft according to patient's own situation and economic conditions.
Bone Substitutes ; Bone Transplantation ; Humans ; Tibial Fractures ; surgery

OBJECTIVETo explore the possibility of repairing periodontal defects with carbonated calcium phosphate bone cement (CCPBC) modified with synthesized peptides.

METHODSPeriodontal bone defects in 4 dogs were surgically created and then restored directly with hydroxyapatite (HA), Perioglass, CCPBC and CCPBC modified with peptides. The results were compared at different levels.

RESULTSBone replacement materials were lost in HA and Perioglass groups. In the HA group defects were restored with connective tissue. Perioglass group had only a little new bone around materials by alveolar bone. CCPBC could firmly stay in bone defects to maintain the space of bone defects even without membrane use. CCPBC modified with peptides was superior to HA, Perioglass, and CCPBC, surrounded by a great deal of new bone.

CONCLUSIONUnder limitation of this study, CCPBC modified with peptides has some osteoinuctive activity and may have good prospect for the clinical application in periodontal defect repair.

Alveolar Bone Loss ; therapy ; Animals ; Bone Cements ; Bone Regeneration ; Bone Substitutes ; Calcium Phosphates ; Dogs ; Durapatite ; Male

OBJECTIVE: The Purpose of the study was to investigate the bone morphogenic protein expression of rhBMP-2(recombinant human bone morphogenic protein-2) as singnaling molecule and beta-TCP(Tricalcium phosphate) as a bone substitute and carrier medium of rhBMP-2. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 16 rabbits divided into 2 group of each 8 rabbit. Two standardized bone defect, round bilateral defect was made in the cranium of the 8 rabbit of first group, and was grafted with 150~500micrometer diameter beta-TCP 0.25g in one side, which was soaked with rhBMP-2, and autogenous bone was grafted on another side as a positive control. Second group of 8 rabbit, only beta-TCP was grafted with same size and same manner. After 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks, specimen was taken for microscopic immunohiostochemical and histomorphometric analysis. RESULT: Grafting beta-TCP with rhBMP show the early formation of the bone regenerative factor (BMP-4) and more quantity of new bone formation than only use of beta-TCP (8,12 week), even show less new bone formation than autogenous bone. CONCLUSION: The experimental study result that beta-TCP graft combination with rhBMP-2 as a delivery system is an effective with osteoinductive capacity and biodegradable properties, so that provide clinical availibility of composite use in reconstruction of bony defect.
Bone Substitutes ; Calcium Phosphates ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Osteogenesis ; Rabbits ; Skull ; Transplants