The texts on constitution of Miraculous Pivot were analyzed and summarized according to literature study. The findings show that constitution is an important element in acupuncture treatment according to the texts of Miraculous Pivot. Different constitution generates the difference of yin-yang, deficiency or excess of qi and blood which is the important basis for syndrome differentiation of Miraculous Pivot. Therefore, the improvement in constitution is the way to increase the therapeutic effect of acupuncture.
Acupuncture Therapy ; Body Constitution ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional

As one of the most active branch disciplines in the systematic biology research field, metabonomics has developed rapidly in recent years and become the research hotspot at home and abroad. The proposal of individualized diagnosis and treatment has emphasized and focused on the effect of internal factors of the human body and individual difference on the diagnosis and treatment of disease. Since metabonomics reflects that under the joint action of genes and the environment, the overall features of individual biological systems and functions states, thus, providing a new train of thought and research platform for studying individualized diagnosis and treatment. Through discussion of the train of thoughts, methods, progress of metabonomics used in studies on individualized difference, we believe that metabonomics technologies have a broad prospect of application in the individualized diagnosis and treatment. It is promising to have significant breakthrough from theory to practice.
Body Constitution ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods ; Metabolomics ; Precision Medicine

Chinese medicine (CM) has thousands of years of experience in prevention of diseases. As for CM, people's constitution is closely related to their health status, thus recognition of CM constitution is the fundamental and core content of research on constitution types. With development of technologies such as sensors, artificial intelligence and big data, objectification of the four diagnostic methods of CM has gradually matured, bringing changes in the mindset and innovations in technical means for recognition of CM constitution. This paper presents a systematic review of the latest research trends in constitution recognition based on objectification of diagnostic methods in CM.
Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Artificial Intelligence ; Health Status ; Body Constitution

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to retrospectively describe the childhood sports activity level of Korean adult men and women and to determine whether a higher level of childhood sports activity was positively associated with adult bone mineral density. METHODS: A cross-sectional study of 100 Korean men (n=40) and women (n=60) was completed. Participants completed a detailed lifetime sports activity questionnaire and had their bone mineral density of the femur and lumbar spine measured using dual energy x-ray densitometry (DEXA). All sports activities were classified into four categories of peak strain score on the basis of ground reaction forces (GRF). RESULTS: During the age of high school, women and men who participated in a high intensity sports activity demonstrated higher bone density in the femur site after adjustment for the effects of body weight, fat body mass, lean body mass, the level of calcium intake, and breast feeding period than those who did not participate in sports activity at all. CONCLUSION: These results highlight the need to participate in high intensity sports activity during high school age as a means of increasing peak bone mass in the femur site.
Sports/*physiology ; Male ; Korea ; Humans ; Female ; Densitometry, X-Ray ; *Bone Density ; Body Constitution ; Body Composition ; Adult

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between masseter muscle thickness, facial morphology, and mandibular morphology in Korean adults using ultrasonography. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ultrasonography was used to measure the masseter muscle thickness bilaterally of 40 adults (20 males, 20 females) and was performed in the relaxed and contracted states. Facial photos and panoramic radiography were used for morphological analyses and evaluated for correlations with masseter muscle thickness. We also evaluated the correlations of age, body weight, stature, and body constitution with masseter muscle thickness. RESULTS: In the relaxing, the masseter was 9.8±1.3 mm in females and 11.3±1.2 mm in males. In the contracted state, it was 12.4±1.4 mm in females and 14.7±1.4 mm in males. Facial photography showed that bizygomatic facial width over facial height was correlated with masseter muscle thickness in both sexes in the relaxed state, and was statistically significantly correlated with masseter muscle thickness in males in the contracted state. In panoramic radiography, correlations were found between anterior angle length and posterior angle length and masseter muscle thickness in females, and between body length and posterior angle length, between anterior angle length and body length, between ramal length and body length, and between body length and condyle length in males. CONCLUSION: Masseter muscle thickness was associated with facial and mandibular morphology in both sexes, and with age in males. Ultrasonography can be used effectively to measure masseter muscle thickness.
Adult ; Body Constitution ; Body Weight ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Masseter Muscle ; Photography ; Radiography, Panoramic ; Ultrasonography ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo study the rules of changes in body constitution of Zhuang students in Guangxi and factors influencing it.

METHODData on body constitution of Zhuang students aged seven to 22 in the year of 2000 were compared with those in 1985.

RESULTSThe average height of Zhuang students increased by 3.80 cm and 2.45 cm for boys and girls in urban areas, respectively from 1985 to 2000 in Guangxi, and by 1.40 cm and 1.32 cm in rural areas, respectively. The average weight increased by 3.58 and 1.90 kg for boys and girls in urban areas, respectively, and by 0.65 kg and 0.02 kg in rural areas, respectively. The average chest circumference increased by 2.09 and 1.28 cm for boys and girls in urban areas, respectively, but in the rural areas, that for boys increased by 0.08 cm and for girls decreased by 0.01 cm. The average systolic blood pressure (BP) decreased by 4.33 mm Hg and 5.06 mm Hg (0.58 kPa and 0.67 kPa) for boys and girls in urban areas, respectively, and by 5.04 mm Hg and 7.03 mm Hg (0.67 kPa and 0.94 kPa) in rural areas, respectively. The average diastolic BP increased by 12.04 mm Hg and 10.84 mm Hg (1.60 kPa and 1.44 kPa) for boys and girls in urban areas, respectively, and by 8.72 mm Hg and 6.54 mm Hg (1.16 kPa and 0.87 kPa) in rural areas, respectively. The average vital capacity increased by 195.15 ml and 109.75 ml, and 23.54 ml and 13.44 ml for urban boys and girls, and rural boys and girls, respectively. The average record of 50 m x 8 run to and for decreased by 5.00 s and 8.79 s for urban boys and girls, respectively, and by 5.27 s and 7.21 s for rural boys and girls, respectively. The average record of 1 000 m run decreased by 19.85 s and 23.88 s for urban and rural boys, respectively, and that of 800 m run decreased by 23.19 s and 6.25 s for urban and rural girls, respectively.

CONCLUSIONSThe results mentioned above suggested that provision of reasonable nutrition and active physical training for the Zhuang students are basic measures to improve their body constitution and promote their levels of growth and development.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Body Constitution ; physiology ; Body Height ; Body Weight ; Child ; China ; ethnology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Minority Groups

OBJECTIVETo investigate the differential genes between the qi-stagnation constitution (QSC) and non-QSC, for the sake of disclose the hereditary essence of QSC.

METHODSThe constitution of 3 patients was judged as QSC by criteria for QSC and that of 2 patients was determined as non-QSC by experts according to the gentle constitution related treatise. The differential genes between them were studied using the mRNA differential display revers transcription polymerase chain reaction (DD-RT-PCR).

RESULTSSome differential genes were found (part of them not found in non-QSC, and part was highly expressed in QSC). Among the differential genes, homology was shown between plexin A2-human chromosomal 1q32 (in 98%), notch pre-proteinogen-chromosomal 1q11 (98%), nuclear prelamin A-chromosomal 17q25 (100%), T-cell receptor delta chain-chromosomal 1q24 (99%), neuronal PAS domain protein 3-chromosomal 14q13 (98%), S-phase kinase-associated protein 2-chromosomal 5p12 (99%).

CONCLUSIONSSome differential genes may be existed between QSC and non-QSC.

Body Constitution ; genetics ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Qi ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics

The aim of modern medicine is transforming from disease to health. Thus the medical model of 4P was proposed in recent years. 4P includes preventive, predictive, personalized, and participatory medical model. In constitution theory of Chinese medicine, there are three main ideas. The first one is: constitutions can be divided to nine types in the Chinese population. Prevention and treatment of disease can be divided according to the constitutional type. This reflects personalized or individualized of 4P. The second one is: certain constitution is correlated to certain disease. So constitution differentiation can be used to predict the occurrence of any kind disease. The third one is: Disease can be prevented through regulating correlated constitutions. And during the course of constitution differentiation, the object of service or patients can participate in the whole course. In summary, the research of Chinese medical constitution embodies the application and practice of 4P medical model. And it provided reference for studying and developing other subjects under the present medical model.
Biomedical Research ; Body Constitution ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods ; Practice Patterns, Physicians'

OBJECTIVETo explore the relationship between Chinese medicine (CM) constitutive susceptibility and syndrome diversity in diabetic nephropathy (DN).

METHODSEpidemiologic investigation on constitution adopting the "Constitution in Chinese Medicine Questionnaire" (CCMQ), and survey on syndrome type by CM syndrome scale (preliminary) were carried out in 180 DN patients. Cluster analysis on symptom items was used to determine the syndrome type, and canonical correlation analysis was used to analyze the relationship between patients' constitution and syndrome.

RESULTSBaseline levels in all enrolled patients were not different statistically. Cluster analysis showed 8 syndromes existed in DN patients, namely: I, qi-yin deficiency with qi-stagnancy type; II, yin-yang deficiency with heat-water-blood stasis type; III, qi-yin deficiency with dampness-heat type; IV, yin-yang deficiency with blood-stasis and heat type; V, qi-yin deficiency with stagnant heat type; VI, yin-yang deficiency with inner dampness-heat stagnancy type; VII, yin deficiency with heat stagnancy type; and VIII, Kidney (Shen)-Spleen (Pi) deficiency with stagnant heat type. Correlation analysis on the 8 syndromes and the 9 constitutions showed statistical significant correlations between syndrome III and dampness-heat constitution (P=0.0001); syndrome IV and blood-stasis constitution (P=0.0001); and syndrome VII and yin-deficiency constitution (P=0.0180).

CONCLUSIONCertain relationship revealed between CM constitutions and syndrome types; constitution decides the disease genesis, its syndrome type and prognosis, as well as the change of syndromes.

Aged ; Body Constitution ; Cluster Analysis ; Diabetic Nephropathies ; therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Syndrome

The purpose of this study was to analyzed the effects of step aerobics on the health-related fitness in the middle school girl's Sasang Constitution Classification. The Sasang Constitution was classified by QSCCII and Sasang Pattern Identification Questionnaire and then confirmed by expert of this field, who was oriental medical doctor, attending to Dongeui oriental medical center in Busan. The subjects were Soyang-in 10, Soeum-in 10, Taeum-in 10, respectively, total 30 middle school girls. Step Aerobics program performed 45 min/day, 3 times/week, during 12 weeks. The result was as follows : 1. The height was increased significantly than before exercise in Soeum-in. The body weights and chest circumference were increased than that of the pre-test values in the girl with Soyang-in, Soeum-in, and Taeeum-in, respectively but there was lettle significance. 2. The sit-ups, sit and reach test's values were significantly improved than pre test, and %fat was decreased significantly in Soeum-in and Taeum-in. Otherwise, BMI and LBM were slightly increased than pre-exercise but there was no significance.
Body Weight ; Busan ; Classification ; Constitution and Bylaws* ; Female ; Humans ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Thorax