Biliary Tract Surgical Procedures ; China ; Colorectal Surgery ; Herniorrhaphy ; Humans ; Laparoscopy ; Liver ; surgery ; Pancreas ; surgery ; Stomach ; surgery ; Thyroid Gland ; surgery

OBJECTIVETo prevent and manage biliary complications after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT).

METHODSNinety-five patients of OLT performed at our institute from February, 1999 to December 2002 were retrospectively analysed. Recipient operation was performed using standard method combined with veno-venous bypass in 12 patients and piggyback method in 78 patients and living-related liver transplantation in 5 patients. Biliary reconstruction was performed by end-to-end choledochocholedochostomy (C-C) over a T-tube in 55 patients and without a T-tube in 36 patients while the remaining 4 patients underwent Roux-en-Y choledochojejunostomy (CRY). C-C and CRY were performed by the interrupted or continuous suture with 5 - 0 or 6 - 0 Vicryl or PDS. Routine examination of liver function, Doppler ultrasonography and cholangiography were performed during the follow-up period.

RESULTSBiliary complications occurred in 7 patients (7.3%). Two patients with bile leakage at the anastomotic site developed biliary peritonitis on the seventh and tenth postoperative day and needed reoperation. One patient developed anastomotic biliary stricture one month after the operation and was cured by endoscopic stenting. Two patients developed bile leakage after T-tube removal. One of the two patients was treated conservatively and the other underwent a exploratory laparotomy to ligate the T-tube tract and drain the peritoneal cavity. One patient died of biliary vast syndrome five months after OLT and one patient died of biliary tract necrosis secondary to hepatic artery thrombosis on the tenth postoperative day. One - 42-month (mean 11.4 months) follow-up revealed no biliary stricture in 74 patients. No biliary stone and biliary sludge were detected by Doppler ultrasound and/or cholangiography. Serological examinations proved that liver grafts functioned well in these patients.

CONCLUSIONSTo prevent biliary complications, it is crucial to protect biliary mucosa and arterial blood supply of the common bile duct while harvesting the graft and to obtain perfect mucosa-to-mucosa apposition of no-tension end-to-end anastomosis of the bile duct. Endoscopic dilation and stenting are effective for post-OLT extrahepatic biliary stricture.

Adult ; Aged ; Biliary Tract Diseases ; etiology ; prevention & control ; therapy ; Biliary Tract Surgical Procedures ; adverse effects ; methods ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Liver Transplantation ; adverse effects ; methods ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Postoperative Complications ; etiology ; prevention & control ; therapy ; Retrospective Studies ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo illustrate the bacteriology and their susceptibility to antibiotics in patients with biliary tract diseases and provide information for antibiotic choices.

METHODSThe bile specimens were cultured and pathogens' susceptibility to antibiotics was obtained intraoperatively from 195 patients undergoing operations on biliary tract and 24 healthy liver donors from June 2007 to March 2008.

RESULTSAmong 195 bile specimens collected from the patients intraoperatively, 44 ones were found bacterial growth by culture (22.6%), in which 11 ones were mixed infections (25.0%). Fifty-five bacterial strains belonging to 16 species were identified from these bile specimens. They included 34 Gram negative strains (61.8%), 19 Gram positive strains (34.6%) and 2 fungal strains (3.6%). The commonest pathogens were Escherichia coli (27.3%), Enterobacter cloacae (12.7%), Enterococcus faecalis (12.7%) and Enterococcus faecium (10.9%). Among 24 bile specimens collected from the healthy liver donors, one was found Escherichia coli growth by culture (4.2%). The results of susceptibility test showed that the resistant rates of Gram negative strains to Meropenem was 2.8%, followed by Imipenem (5.6%), Sulperazone (22.8%) and Amikacin (28.7%). In this study Gram negative strains were highly resistant to Penicillins, Quinolones, some third generation Cephalosporins and so on (>50.0%). None of Gram positive strains were resistant to Vancomycin and Teicoplanin. They were highly resistant to Penicillins, Quinolones, Clindamycin and so on (>40.0%).

CONCLUSIONS(1) Gram negative strains remain the commonest pathogens in biliary tract infection in Renji Hospital and the commonest pathogen is Escherichia coli. The infection of enterococcus is going up. The mixed infection cases happen mostly in acute biliary infection. (2) To treat biliary infection the broad-spectrum antibiotics which are effective to Escherichia coli are optimal choices. Ceftazidime or Ciprofloxacin may be used in mild biliary infection. Sulperazone or Amikacin may be used in severe biliary infection. Imipenem and Vancomycins may be used as second choice to treat the infection which other drugs are ineffective to.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; therapeutic use ; Bile ; microbiology ; Biliary Tract Diseases ; drug therapy ; microbiology ; surgery ; Biliary Tract Surgical Procedures ; Drug Resistance, Bacterial ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Middle Aged ; Young Adult

Hepatobiliary complications, such as stone recurrence, recurrent cholangitis, liver abscess, secondary biliary cirrhosis, and cholangiocarcinoma may occur after treatment for hepatolithiasis. However, few previous studies have addressed the risk factors and long-term outcomes after initial treatment. Eighty-five patients with newly diagnosed hepatolithiasis, actively treated for hepatolithiasis, constituted the cohort of this retrospective study. Patients were treated by hepatectomy or nonoperative percutaneous transhepatic cholangioscopic lithotomy. Long-term complications, such as recurrent cholangitis, liver abscess, secondary biliary cirrhosis, and cholangiocarcinoma, and their relationships with clinical parameters were analyzed. The mean follow-up period was 57.4 months. The overall hepatobiliary complication rate after the treatment was 17.6%. Multivariate analysis of suspected risk factors showed that complications were associated with age (HR, 1.046; CI, 1.006-1.089), bile duct stricture (HR, 4.894; CI, 1.295-18.495), and residual stones (HR, 3.482; CI, 1.214-9.981). In conclusion, several long-term hepatobiliary complications occur after hepatolithiasis treatment, and regular observation is necessary in patients with concomitant biliary stricture or residual stones.
Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic/*surgery ; Biliary Tract ; *Biliary Tract Surgical Procedures ; Cholestasis, Intrahepatic/*surgery ; *Endoscopy ; Female ; Gallstones/*surgery ; Hepatectomy ; Humans ; Liver/surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Treatment Outcome

Biliary Tract Diseases ; diagnosis ; pathology ; therapy ; Biliary Tract Surgical Procedures ; adverse effects ; Cholestasis ; diagnosis ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Gallbladder ; pathology ; Gallbladder Diseases ; diagnosis ; Hot Temperature ; Humans ; Liver ; pathology ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods ; Postoperative Complications ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Syndrome

OBJECTIVETo summarize the experience of laparoscopic common bile duct exploration.

METHODSThe clinical data of 587 cases who underwent laparoscopic common bile duct exploration from June 1992 to May 2006 were analyzed.

RESULTSThe surgery was successful in 585 cases (99.7%), 2 cases were converted to open common bile duct exploration. The duration of operation was 60 approximately 230 min (averaged 85 min), the complications consisted of biliary fistula (n=13), injury of the duodenum (n=1), abscess of drainage tube orifice (n=1), titanium clip discharging out from T tube (n=3), residual common bile duct stones (n=35). The patients could take food and walk on the second postoperative day and average postoperative hospital stay was 4.6 days.

CONCLUSIONSLaparoscopic common bile duct exploration is a safe and effective procedure in treating the calculus of bile duct.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Biliary Tract Diseases ; surgery ; Biliary Tract Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Common Bile Duct ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Laparoscopy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Postoperative Complications ; prevention & control ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome

Bile Duct Neoplasms ; surgery ; Bile Ducts ; pathology ; surgery ; Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic ; pathology ; surgery ; Biliary Tract Diseases ; surgery ; Biliary Tract Surgical Procedures ; methods ; trends ; Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic ; methods ; trends ; Cholelithiasis ; surgery ; Humans

The indication of laparoscopic procedure is continuously extending in the field of hepato-biliary-pancreatic surgery. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy has become a standard treatment for the disease of the gallbladder. Its application has widened to include conditions that once considered to be relative contraindications of laparoscopic cholecystectomy such as acute cholecystitis, complicated cholecystitis, previous operation history, and old age. Recently, a laparoscopic CBD exploration has been used for the treatment of CBD stone disease with good results. This operation may obviate the risk of immediate and long-term problem of sphincterotomy of the Ampulla of Vater resulting from endoscopic extraction of the CBD stone. For the biliary tract disease, pioneering operation of the laparoscopic IHD exploration and Roux-en-Y choledochojejunostomy have been successfully performed in our country. In terms of laparoscopic pancreatic surgery, a cystogastrostomy and a distal pancreatectomy are feasible operations. However, its indication is limited to benign or pre-malignant diseases. A pancreaticoduodenectomy with a laparoscopic technique is still not recommended. For the laparoscopic surgery of the liver, it has been initially applied to unroofing of a liver cyst or wedge resection. However, anatomic liver resections were successfully performed. The parenchymal dissection of the liver has been possible with the development of innovative laparoscopic equipments. Liver resection can be done with a laparoscopy-assisted method or a totally laparoscopic method. With accumulation of experience and the development of equipments, laparoscopic surgery has become a major operative tool in the hepato-biliary-pancreatic disease with an advantage of minimal invasiveness.
Ampulla of Vater ; Biliary Tract Diseases ; Cholecystectomy ; Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic ; Cholecystitis ; Cholecystitis, Acute ; Choledochostomy ; Gallbladder ; Laparoscopy ; Liver ; Pancreatectomy ; Pancreatic Diseases ; Pancreaticoduodenectomy ; Surgical Procedures, Minimally Invasive*

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Although diagnosis and surgical treatment for distal common bile duct cancer have enormously advanced, survival is not satisfactory and its prognostic factors are still being debated. Thus, we evaluated the outcomes and prognostic factors after major resection for distal extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (dCC). METHODS: One hundred and fifty-four patients who underwent major resection such as pancreaticoduodenectomy for dCC were retrospectively analyzed. We investigated clinical features, postoperative complications, survival, and prognostic factors of dCC. CONCLUSIONS: One hundred and three (66.9%) male and 51 (33.1%) female patients were enrolled and their mean age was 59.6 (31-78) years. Among them, 97 patients (63.0%) underwent Whipple's procedure, 45 (29.2%) pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy, 7 (4.5%) total pancreatectomy, and 5 (3.3%) hepatopancreaticoduodenectomy, respectively. Mean follow-up duration was 26.6 (0.4-108.5) months. The postoperative morbidity and mortality were 42.2% and 1.3%, respectively. Five-year survival rate was 32.8% and mean survival duration was 47.2 (39.1-55.3) months. Type of biliary drainage (percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage), lymph node status (positive), and cellular differentiation (moderate or poor) were significant indicators for death in multivariate analysis of resectable dCC. CONCLUSIONS: Moderate or poor cellular differentiation and lymph node metastasis may be independent poor prognostic factors for resectable dCC.
Adult ; Aged ; Bile Duct Neoplasms/mortality/*surgery ; *Bile Ducts, Extrahepatic ; Biliary Tract Surgical Procedures ; Cholangiocarcinoma/mortality/*surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prognosis ; Risk Factors ; Survival Rate

OBJECTIVETo investigate some principal surgical techniques of living donor liver transplantation (LDLT).

METHODSEleven patients of LDLT have been performed at our department from January 2001 to March 2002. The left lobe (segments II, III, IV, including the middle hepatic veins) was transplanted in 8 patients, the left lateral lobe (segments II, III) in one and the right lobe (segments V, VI, VII, VIII, not including the middle hepatic veins) in 2. The plane of liver resection was determined on the basis of donor liver volumetry using CT scan and the anatomic analysis of vascular structure of the hepatic vein, portal vein and hepatic artery using intraoperative ultrasound. The hepatic parenchyma was transected using ultrasound aspirator without blood vessel clamping or graft manipulation. The isolated graft was perfused in situ through the portal vein branch. The liver graft was transplanted into the recipients who underwent total hepatectomy with preservation of the inferior vena cava. The hepatic vein reconstruction was performed in end to end fashion or end to side to the vena cava after venoplasty. Arterial anastomoses were performed using microsurgical technique. Biliary reconstruction was made by using duct-to-duct anastomosis and placement of a T tube.

RESULTSAll the 11 donors are uneventfully discharged after operation. In the 11 recipients, an 8-year-old girl needed retransplantation because of hepatic artery thrombosis, one case died of serious chronic rejection on the postoperative day 72. Ten recipients recovered and were discharged from hospital, whose liver function and cuprum oxidase had returned to normal.

CONCLUSIONSThe procedure of LDLT is relatively safe for the donor. Reconstruction of vessels is a key step in the procedure. Comprehending anatomical variation of vessels pre- and intra-operatively and correct surgical management might reduce the incidence of complications.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Biliary Tract Surgical Procedures ; Child ; Female ; Hepatic Artery ; surgery ; Hepatic Veins ; surgery ; Humans ; Liver Transplantation ; methods ; mortality ; Living Donors ; Male ; Portal Vein ; surgery ; Postoperative Complications ; etiology