Aza Compounds ; analysis ; Heterocyclic Compounds ; analysis ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet ; methods ; Workplace

PURPOSE: Relapsing polychondritis is an uncommon systemic autoimmune disorder which is characterized by recurrent and often progressive inflammatory episodes involving multiple organ systems, including the ophthalmic, otorhinolaryngeal, respiratory, musculoskeletal, renal, cardiovascular, and dermatologic systems. The most common ocular manifestations are episcleritis and scleritis. Uveitis, especially the nongranulomatous type, has been reported in 3% to 22% of relapsing polychondritis cases. We report uncommon hypopyon uveitis as an ophthalmic finding associated with relapsing polychondritis. CASE SUMMARY: A 56-year-old woman with known relapsing polychondritis presented with ocular pain and redness in the right eye which had developed two months before and was managed for scleritis. However, she developed blurred vision, and hypopyon and vitreous opacity was found. The patient presented to our clinic and we diagnosed her with hypopyon uveitis associated with relapsing polychondritis. The patient was started on systemic steroid therapy consisting of 1% prednisolone acetate, 0.5% moxifloxacin, and 0.5% tobramycin in the right eye. Hypopyon disappeared 8 days following the initiation of treatment, and all symptoms had resolved after 14 days.
Aza Compounds ; Eye ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Polychondritis, Relapsing ; Prednisolone ; Quinolines ; Scleritis ; Tobramycin ; Uveitis ; Vision, Ocular

PURPOSE: To report the clinical results of moxifloxacin mixed augmented amniotic membrane transplantation (AMT) in 2 patients with perforating infectious keratitis. CASE SUMMARY: Moxifloxacin mixed augmented amniotic membrane transplantations were performed in 2 patients with rapidly deteriorating deep perforated bacterial keratitis. All patients preserved their eyesight. Complete re-epithelization over the amniotic membrane were observed within a month. The corneal surfaces were healed with opacity, and there were no active infectious infiltrations or recurrences for 3 months after application. CONCLUSIONS: Moxifloxacin mixed augmented AMT has proven to be successful both tectonically and physiologically for cases with perforating active bacterial keratitis.
Amnion ; Aza Compounds ; Corneal Perforation ; Corneal Ulcer ; Fibrin Tissue Adhesive ; Humans ; Keratitis ; Quinolines ; Recurrence ; Transplants

PURPOSE: To report a case of fusarium keratitis treated with only moxifloxacin 0.5% ophthalmic solution (Vigamox(R), Alcon Laboratories, Inc., Ft Worth, TX, USA). CASE SUMMARY: A 37-year-old healthy male patient experienced a right eye injury due to grain 7 days prior to presentation at our hospital with visual disturbance and ocular pain. A 2.7 x 4.3 mm sized corneal epithelial defect with irregular featherlike midstromal infiltration was observed, and slit lamp examination revealed a dry, rough texture. Thus a smear and culture were performed. Moxifloxacin 0.5% ophthalmic solution (Vigamox(R)) and lubricant were applied for treatment. Three days after using the eye solution, all clinical features improved. Seven days later, Fusarium species was identified in culture. CONCLUSIONS: As standard treatment for Fusarium, the authors of the present study used an antifungal agent. Although hyphae were detected in culture, the use of only moxifloxacin 0.5% ophthalmic solution (Vigamox(R)) result in a satisfactory result and improvement in clinical features.
Adult ; Aza Compounds ; Edible Grain ; Eye ; Eye Injuries ; Fusarium ; Humans ; Hyphae ; Keratitis ; Male ; Quinolines

PURPOSE: To report a case of corneal ulcer caused by Achromobacter xylosoxidans in a farmer. CASE SUMMARY: A previously healthy 68-year-old man presented with unilateral redness and irritation after his eye was grazed by a cow's tail. The patient had previously been treated in a local clinic for four days without improvement. Bacterial staining, culture, and an antibiotic sensitivity test were performed from a corneal scrape. The cultures revealed growth of A. xylosoxidans. The patient was treated with moxifloxacin and ceftazidime eyedrops. After three months of treatment, the infection was resolved with mild scarring. CONCLUSIONS: Although it is a rare pathogen, A. xylosoxidans should be considered as a potential pathogen in patients presenting with corneal ulceration due to trauma from an object contaminated by soil or animal feces and having a slowly progressive disease and localized infiltrate but showing Gram-negative bacilli on smear examination.
Achromobacter ; Achromobacter denitrificans ; Aged ; Animals ; Aza Compounds ; Ceftazidime ; Corneal Ulcer ; Eye ; Feces ; Humans ; Keratitis ; Ophthalmic Solutions ; Quinolines ; Soil ; Tail

BACKGROUND: According to the notion of the immunoregulatory functions of moxifloxacin (MFX), the effect of MFX on the neutrophilic respiratory burst in conjunction with the expression of cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) was investigated. METHODS: The effects and possible mechanisms of MFX on neutrophilic respiratory burst in oleic acid (OA)-induced acutely injured rats lung and OA-stimulated, isolated murine neutrophils were probed, associated with the expression of cytosolic phospholipase A2 in vivo and in vitro. RESULTS: In the OA-induced acutely-injured lungs, neutrophils were accumulated, which was attenuated by MFX. The parameters denoting a neutrophilic respiratory burst, such as nitro blue tetrazolium reaction, cytochrome-c reduction, neutrophil aggregation, H2O2 production in neutrophils revealed increased neutrophilic respiratory burst by OA, and MFX decreased all of these parameters. In addition, the enhanced expression of cPLA2 in the lung and isolated murine neutrophils by OA were decreased by MFX. CONCLUSION: MFX suppresses the OA-induced neutrophilic respiratory burst by the suppression of cPLA2 in neutrophils.
Animals ; Aza Compounds ; Cytosol ; Lung ; Neutrophils ; Oleic Acid ; Phospholipases ; Phospholipases A2 ; Phospholipases A2, Cytosolic ; Quinolines ; Rats ; Respiratory Burst

OBJECTIVE: To determine the safety of intracamerally injected preservative-free 0.5% moxifloxacin/0.1% dexamethasone fixed-dose combination on the corneal endothelium in a rabbit model and compare it to intracamerally injected preservative-free 0.5% moxifloxacin.

METHODS: This experimental study included twenty eyes from ten albino rabbits. The eyes were assessed for baseline corneal clarity and anterior chamber (AC) inflammation using slit-lamp biomicroscopy. A specular microscope measured the corneal endothelial cell density (ECC) and corneal thickness (CT). Intracameral injections of 0.1 mL 0.5% moxifloxacin ophthalmic solution were administered to the 10 right eyes (IPFM group) and 0.1 mL of 0.5% moxifloxacin/0.1% dexamethasone fixed-dose preparation were administered to the 10 left eyes (IPFMDex group). In both groups, ECC, CT, corneal clarity, and AC inflammation at Day 1 (one day post-injection) and Day 7 (seven days post-injection) were compared with Day 0 (baseline). The IPFMDex group was also compared with the IPFM group at Days 0, 1, and 7. The endothelial cells of harvested corneas from both groups at Day 1 and 7 were stained with trypan blue and alizarin red, and compared for endothelial cell damage (ECD). Data were analyzed using paired and independent sample t-tests.

RESULTS: In both the IPFM and IPFMDex groups, ECC and CT at Day 1 (IPFM: ECC p=0.07, CT p=0.76; IPFMDex: ECC p=0.41, CT p=0.94) and Day 7 (IPFM: ECC p=0.95, CT p=0.28; IPFMDex: ECC p=0.29, CT p=0.34) were not different from Day 0 (baseline). No significant difference in ECC, CT, and ECD were found between the IPFM and IPFMDex groups at Day 1 (ECC p=0.82, CT p=0.36, ECD p=0.96) and Day 7 (ECC p=0.95, CT p=0.22, ECD p=0.61). Throughout the study, the cornea in both groups were clear and showed no signs of AC inflammation.

CONCLUSION: Intracameral injection of preservative-free moxifloxacin/dexamethasone fixed-dose formulation was safe on the rabbit corneal endothelium and was no different from preservative-free moxifloxacin.

Animal ; Endothelium, Corneal ; Moxifloxacin ; Alizarin ; Dexamethasone ; Slit Lamp ; Aza Compounds ; Anterior Chamber ; Cornea ; Anthraquinones ; Endothelial Cells ; Inflammation ; Ophthalmic Solutions

PURPOSE: To report a case of fungal keratitis caused by Scedosporium apiospermum. CASE SUMMARY: A 70-year-old man visited our clinic with complaints of redness and decreased visual acuity in his right eye caused by a soil gotten into an eye while gardening 10 days ago. The patient had previously been treated in a local clinic but did not show significant clinical improvement. Bacterial and fungal staining, culture, and an antibiotic sensitivity test were performed from a corneal scrape. The cultures revealed growth of Scedosporium apiospermum. The patient was treated with topical moxifloxacin antibiotics, fluconazole, amphotericin B antifungal agents. However, the lesion was not improved, so antifungal therapy was switched to topical voriconazole. After two months of treatment, the infection was resolved with mild scarring. CONCLUSIONS: Although it is a rare pathogen, Scedosporium apiospermum should be considered as a potential pathogen in patients presenting with corneal ulceration due to trauma from an object contaminated by soil, polluted water, or spoiled plant contact. And we suggest that topical application of voriconazole may be a good alternative treatment for patient with fungal keratitis in which no improvement despite a conventional antifungal agent, fluconazole.
Amphotericin B ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Antifungal Agents ; Aza Compounds ; Corneal Ulcer ; Eye ; Fluconazole ; Gardening ; Humans ; Keratitis ; Plants ; Pyrimidines ; Quinolines ; Scedosporium ; Soil ; Triazoles ; Visual Acuity

Recently, polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based methods have been used to reclassify Ureaplasma urealyticum into two independent species (spp.), designating U. parvum and U. urealyticum. In the current study, we aim to reclassify U. urealyticum and to analyze the correlation between the presence of a genetic marker and an antibiotic resistance of U. urealyticum. Susceptibility test against tetracycline, levofloxain or moxifloxacin was performed by broth microdilution method. The presence of tet(M) gene and the mutations of quinolone resistance-determining regions (QRDRs) were analyzed by PCR and sequencing. Among fourteen Ureaplasma isolates, three were identified as U. parvum and eleven were identified as U. urealyticum, and this is first report showing that two independent spp. of U. urealyticum isolated from Korean are present. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ranges for Ureaplasma isolates were as follows: tetracycline 0.25~128 microg/ml, levofloxacin 1~8 microg/ml, and moxifloxacin 0.5~4 microg/ml. The tet(M) determinant was found in 3 among 14 Ureaplasma isolates with tetracycline MIC of >16 microg/ml, suggesting that the presence of the tet(M) determinant is associated with tetracycline resistance. Mutations of gyrA, gyrB, parC, and parE genes in the QRDRs were found in 3 among 14 Ureaplasma isolates, exhibiting only parE gene mutation is associated with fluoroquinolone resistance.
Aza Compounds ; Drug Resistance, Microbial ; Fluoroquinolones ; Genetic Markers ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Ofloxacin ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Quinolines ; Tetracycline ; Tetracycline Resistance ; Ureaplasma ; Ureaplasma urealyticum

PURPOSE: To investigate the clinical features and treatment outcomes between methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus epidermidis (MSSE) and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis (MRSE) keratitis groups. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of case series was conducted of all patients with keratitis caused only by Staphylococcus epidermidis from January 1997 through December 2008. Sex, age, history of trauma, systemic disease, previous ocular history, antibiotic sensitivity test results, and treatment outcomes were evaluated. Patients were categorized into two groups as MSSE and MRSE according to methicillin-sensitivity result, and a comparative analysis was performed. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in clinical features, such as risk factors or size or location of keratitis between the two groups. All MSSE and MRSE isolates were sensitive to vancomycin, moxifloxacin, and levofloxacin. All MSSE and 17%, 50%, 52%, and 57% of MRSE isolates were sensitive to cephalothin, norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, and erythromycin, respectively (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in visual acuity between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: All MSSE and MRSE isolates were sensitive to vancomycin and to third- or fourth-generation fluoroquinolones In addition, approximately 50% of MRSE isolates were sensitive to norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin. There were no significant differences in clinical features of keratitis caused by MSSE versus those of MRSE isolates. Both keratitis groups had relatively good visual prognoses.
Aza Compounds ; Cephalothin ; Ciprofloxacin ; Epidemiologic Studies ; Erythromycin ; Fluoroquinolones ; Humans ; Keratitis ; Methicillin Resistance ; Norfloxacin ; Ofloxacin ; Prognosis ; Quinolines ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Staphylococcus ; Staphylococcus epidermidis ; Vancomycin ; Visual Acuity