PURPOSE: This study was done to investigate the relation between psychiatric nurse image, job satisfaction and assertiveness of psychiatric mental health nurses. METHODS: The participants for this study were 159 psychiatric nurses in G-city and J-province. The instruments were the Psychiatric Nurses Image Scale, Job Satisfaction Scale, and Assertiveness Scale. Collected data were analyzed using mean, t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson' correlation coefficients with the SPSS/WIN 20.0 program. RESULTS: Mean scores for psychiatric nurse image, job satisfaction, and assertiveness, were 3.9+/-0.5 and 3.3+/-0.4 and 93.5+/-12.0 respectively. Significant positive correlations were found between psychiatric nurse image and job satisfaction (r=.51, p<.001), and assertiveness (r=.25, p=.002). CONCLUSION: The result indicate that nurses with higher levels of psychiatric nurses image disposition exhibit positive job satisfaction, and assertiveness. Therefore it would be helpful to provide intervention programs to improve the psychiatric nurse image, job satisfaction, and assertiveness of psychiatric nurses.
Assertiveness* ; Job Satisfaction* ; Mental Health*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the type of sexual assertiveness of female adolescents. METHODS: A Q methodology which provided a method of analyzing the subjectivity of each type was used. Thirty-three female high school students classified 40 selected Q statements into 9 points standard. The collected data was analyzed by using the PC-QUNAL program. RESULTS: Four types of sexual assertiveness manifested by female adolescents were identified: Type 1: Self-normative line-drawing type, Type 2: Pleasure-seeking negotiation type, Type 3: Passive relationship maintenance type, Type 4: future-oriented satisfaction-delay type. CONCLUSION: This study is meaningful because it provides empirical information necessary for the development of theories by verifying integrated attributes related to the female adolescents' sexual assertiveness. Results also induced the measuring tools and succeeding studies, and presented educational material for sex education that is tailored to the developmental level and characteristics of female adolescents.
Adolescent ; Assertiveness* ; Female* ; Humans ; Negotiating ; Sex Education

OBJECTIVES: Despite growing interest in the area of vocational rehabilitation for persons with psychiatric disabilities, there exist few specialized vocational training facilities nor programs for schizophrenic patients in Korea. This study was intended to develop and evaluate a vocational rehabilitation program geared to improving personal factors identified to be the most significant barriers to schizophrenics' vocational rehabilitation. METHODS: The effects of program were evaluated using experimental/control pretest-posttest design. An experimental group received the vocational training two sessions a week for three months and a control group received same day treatment except the vocational training. RESULTS: The results indicated that the score of a training group was significantly increased compared to those of a control group on 'The assertive job hunting survey' and 'The job related problemsolving skill assessment'. The score of a training group on the PANSS was not significantly changed compared to those of a control group. CONCLUSION: The data provide useful information about the potential role of the program on assertiveness in job hunting activity and job related problem-solving skill. Although the impact of training on symptom reduction was not significant, the program seemed to suggest an important intervention method for schizophrenic patients' rehabilitation.
Assertiveness ; Humans ; Korea ; Rehabilitation ; Rehabilitation, Vocational* ; Schizophrenia*

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of student question-centered lessons for bi-directional faculty-student communication. METHODS: This study performed one-group pretest-posttest design; participants were university students majoring in health science (nursing 58, physical therapy 45) in city C. Data was collected and the program was conducted from March 3 to June 14, 2014. Measurements employed were the ARCS model of motivational design, self-assertiveness, learning satisfaction, and interpersonal relationship. Data was analyzed through frequency statistics, descriptive statistics, and repeated measurement of one-way analysis of variance with the SPSS 19.0 program. RESULTS: In this student question-centered lesson participants exhibited significant enhanced satisfaction in terms of learning motivation, learning satisfaction, self-assertiveness, behavioral assertiveness, general assertiveness, and sensibility regarding interpersonal relationships. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that student question-centered lessons are applicable to a variety of subjects. Also, for comparative purposes, a faculty-centered lesson will be undertaken.
Assertiveness ; Humans ; Interpersonal Relations ; Learning ; Motivation

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to analyze and clarify the meaning of the concept, assertiveness. METHOD: This study used Walker and Avant's process of concept analysis. RESULTS: 1. Attributes of assertiveness were defined as 1) Self-esteem 2) Comprehension to others 3) Clarification of the subject 4) Verbal communication 5) Non-verbal communication 2. The antecedents of assertiveness consist of these facts 1) The occurrence of a conflict situation 2) The occurrence of will to stick to one's opinions 3. There are consequences occuring as a result of assertiveness 1) Positive self-confidence 2) Increased comprehension or consideration to others 3) Expand of mutual respect 4) Maintenance of continuously cooperative relationship with each other 5) Output of acceptable results to each other. CONCLUSION: Assertiveness is a core human behavior and is key to interpersonal relationships. Using the components of the concept of assertiveness, many conflicts in a nursing situation can be effectively prevented.
*Assertiveness ; Communication ; Humans ; Interpersonal Relations ; Self Concept

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to describe the level of self esteem, assertiveness and interpersonal relationship according to the style of conflict management among nursing students. METHODS: The subjects of this study were 236 nursing students who enrolled in sophomore classes at A university in J city. The data were analysed with descriptive analysis including t-test, ANOVA, Scheffe's test, and Pearson correlation coefficient. RESULTS: Compromising was the most prevalent style(45.8%) for managing conflict and collaborating style was 8.5%. Collaborating style for managing conflict showed the highest score in self-esteem, assertiveness, and interpersonal relationship. CONCLUSION: Based on the findings of this study, developing an intervention program that can lead to change the style of conflict management and to improve self esteem, assertiveness and interpersonal relationship is suggested.
Assertiveness* ; Humans ; Interpersonal Relations ; Nursing* ; Self Concept* ; Students, Nursing

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare the relationships among parent-child communication, self-esteem and sexual assertiveness for male and female university students. METHODS: This descriptive study used a comparative survey design that utilized self-report questionnaires. A total of 470 participants were male and female university students in B metropolitan city. RESULTS: The degree of open communication use was higher for female students in comparison to male students, There were no differences in dysfunctional communication for both the father-child communication. There were no differences between males and females for the mother-child communication either. The degree of self-esteem was higher for male students in comparison to the female students. The degree of sexual assertiveness was higher for female students in comparison to the male students. The grade, religion, major, allowance source, marital status of parents, and relationship experience with opposite sex were influencing factors for the male students' sexual assertiveness whereas the individual's major and physical contact were influencing factors for the female students. CONCLUSION: Self-esteem and mother-child open communication were influencing factors of sexual assertiveness. Thus, the nursing intervention based on the influencing factors is needed in order for male and female students to express sexual assertiveness.
Assertiveness* ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Marital Status ; Nursing ; Parents ; Surveys and Questionnaires

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of hand holding on self-esteem and assertiveness in women patients with depression. METHODS: This study was a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design. The participants were 40 women patients who were hospitalized with depression. Twenty of the women patients with depression were assigned to the experimental group (hand holding), and twenty to the control group. For the experimental treatment group hand holding was done for 2 wks. RESULTS: The experimental group with hand holding showed an increase in self-esteem (t=3.99, p<.001), and assertiveness (t=5.37, p<.001) compared to the control group. CONCLUSION: Hand holding is effective for increasing self-esteem and assertiveness in women patients with depression. The simple contact of hand holding can also be regarded as an effective and accessible nursing intervention in the neuropsychiatry ward.
Assertiveness* ; Depression* ; Female ; Hand* ; Humans ; Neuropsychiatry ; Nursing ; Therapeutic Touch

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to identify the factors affecting nursing students' attitudes toward nurse-physician collaboration. METHODS: The subjects were 200 nursing students from a college in K city, and the participants were recruited by posting a recruitment announcement. Data were collected from June 26 to 29, 2018 and analyzed using SPSS 22.0 and descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Sheffé test, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and hierarchical multiple regression. RESULTS: Attitudes toward nurse-physician collaboration showed a statistically significant difference according to grade, the reflection of opinion within the family, and the number of the counselor in general characteristics. Assertiveness and attitudes toward nurse-physician collaboration showed weak positive correlation (r=.18, p=.011). In hierarchical multiple regression analysis, the most affecting factor was junior grade (β=.25), followed by positive assertiveness (β=.18) and the number of the counselor (β=.14). These variables explained 12.0% of the total variance in attitudes towards nurse-physician collaboration. CONCLUSION: To create positive attitudes toward collaboration between nurses and physicians in nursing students, various educational programs related to assertiveness on communication skills need to be provided from the lower grades. Also, a multidisciplinary simulation program should be developed and applied to be able to experience the situation of nurses and physicians.
Assertiveness* ; Cooperative Behavior* ; Counseling ; Humans ; Nursing* ; Students, Nursing*

PURPOSE: The study was done to investigate the influence of voice behavior, self-esteem and sexual knowledge on sexual assertiveness of nursing college students.METHODS: A structured self-report questionnaire was used to measure voice behavior, self-esteem, sexual knowledge and sexual assertiveness. During March, 2019, data were collected from 133 nursing students in D city and G city. Data were analyzed using t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and stepwise multiple linear regression with the SPSS/WIN 25.0 program.RESULTS: Voice behavior and self-esteem were positively correlated with the sexual assertiveness of participants, while voice behavior was positively correlated with the self-esteem of participants. Also, self-esteem was a significant predictor of sexual assertiveness in nursing college students. The predictor explained 12% of their sexual assertiveness.CONCLUSION: The finding indicates that self-esteem is an important factor for sexual assertiveness of nursing students. It is also expected that self-esteem can further promote their sexual assertiveness.
Assertiveness ; Humans ; Linear Models ; Nursing ; Reproductive Health ; Students, Nursing ; Voice