Study on chemical components of Fissistigma capitatum Merr. ex Li (scientific name was defined by Bachelor Ngo Van Trại, National Institute of Medicinal Materials) collected at Sa Pa in June 2003. 600g of dried and grinded leaves and branches were leached with methanol:water (95:5) at room temperature. Methanol solvent was distilled at decreased pressure. The remained fluid was extracted many times with n-hexane, ethyl acetate and butanol. N-hexane was vacuum-evaporated, which collected 11.2g sediment. N-hexane sediment fluid was refined by silica gel chromatographic, which collected compounds 1 and 2. The structure of compound 1 was taraxerol, compound 2 was 16-hentriacontanone with white crystal form when comparing with document data. This compound named palmitone and previous isolated from the leaf of Annona diversifolia
Annonaceae ; Chemistry

CHCl3 extracts of the stem cortex of Annona glabra L killed Artemia salina and inhibited mitosis of root meristem of Allium asca lonicum. Chromatographic fractionation of this extract led to the isolation of Pd1, Pd2, Pd3, Pd4 fractions. The purity of them were controlled by thin layer chromatography. Pd2 was controlled by GC- MS, 1H NMR, 13 C NMR, DEPT. It was not yet found in documents, so that was called anonacin. The study indicated that all of fractions showed cytotoxic activity in experimental tests
Study on the antibacterial effects of leaves of Annona glabra L. Annonaceae

OBJECTIVETo design and synthesize a series of squamosamide cyclic analogues and to test their antioxidation activity.

METHODSEleven 3-substituted indole-2-one derivatives were designed and synthesized through 9 steps with p-hydroxyphenylacetic acid as the starting material and their structures were confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry.

RESULTSEleven compounds showed antioxidation activity and the activities of compounds 9 and 13 matches the positive control FLZ-52.

CONCLUSIONCyclic reconstruction with FLZ-52 as the lead compound have some antioxidation activity.

Animals ; Annonaceae ; chemistry ; Antioxidants ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Benzeneacetamides ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Phenols ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Rats

OBJECTIVETo investigate the alkaloids from the stem of Artabotrys hainanensis.

METHODCompounds in plant extracts were separated by silica gel and sephadex LH-20 column chromatography. Chemical structures were elucidated by chemical and spectral analyses including UV, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, ESIMS and ESI-MS-MS.

RESULTEight alkaloids were isolated and identified as spinosine (1), 3-hydroxynornuciferine (2), juzirine (3), artabotrine (4), liridine (5), assimilobine (6), isococlaurine (7), N-demethylarmepavine (8).

CONCLUSIONAll alkaloids were isolated from this plant for the first time and compounds 1, 3, 7 and 8 were isolated from genus Artabotrys for the first time.

Alkaloids ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Annonaceae ; chemistry ; Berberine Alkaloids ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Isoquinolines ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Plant Leaves ; chemistry ; Plant Stems ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry

Current and primary treatment modality in overactive bladder includes the administration of anticholinergics. The demand for new agents has been rising since anticholinergics have proven to come with many side effects. This study was designed to investigate the effects of ylang-ylang essential oil (YYEO) on the relaxation of urinary bladder muscle in vitro and in vivo. Effects of YYEO were assessed on resting tension, and electrical field stimulation- and various drug-induced contraction in vitro by checking the isometric tension changes of muscle strips and same procedures were repeated in the presence of methylene blue, Nw-Nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (L-NAME), or N-ethylmaleimide, and in vivo. YYEO decreased significantly the contractility of strips. There was no statistically significant difference between the treated group only with YYEO and the pretreated group with YYEO and methylene blue or L-NAME. When N-ethylmaleimide was employed, there was a statistically significant decrease in the rate of contraction. In vivo studies showed the same results compared with in vitro study. The results of this study indicate that YYEO has a relaxing effect on the bladder, and such mechanism is thought to be brought about by a pathway mediated by c-AMP.
Animals ; *Annonaceae ; Bladder/*drug effects/physiology ; Bladder, Neurogenic/drug therapy ; Blood Pressure/drug effects ; In Vitro ; Male ; Muscle Contraction/drug effects ; Muscle, Smooth/drug effects/physiology ; Oils, Volatile/*pharmacology ; Plant Preparations/*pharmacology ; Rabbits ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

The antidepressant effects of the flavonoid-rich fraction of Monodora tenuifolia seed extract were examined by assessing the extent of attenuation of behavioural alterations and oxidative damage in the rats that were stressed by forced swim test. Compared with the model control group, the altered behavioural parameters were attenuated significantly (P < 0.05) in the group treated with the flavonoid-rich fraction (100 and 200 mg·kg(-1)), comparable to the group treated with the standard drug, fluoxetine (10 mg·kg(-1)). The flavonoid-rich fraction and fluoxetine improved significantly (P < 0.05) the activities of the antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase and catalase as well as other biochemical parameters such as reduced glutathione, protein, and nitrite in the brain of the stressed rats. These results suggested that the flavonoid-rich fraction of Monodora tenuifolia seed extract exerted the antidepressant-like effects which could be useful in the management of stress induced disease.
Animals ; Annonaceae ; chemistry ; Antidepressive Agents ; therapeutic use ; Antioxidants ; metabolism ; Behavior, Animal ; drug effects ; Brain ; metabolism ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Flavonoids ; therapeutic use ; Fluoxetine ; therapeutic use ; Male ; Oxidative Stress ; drug effects ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Seeds ; chemistry ; Swimming

More than 50 new flavonoids derived from Annonaceae are reported in the last two decades. Many genuses in Annonaceae contain flavonoids having structural novelty and broad pharmacological activities. Due to the pharmacological interest of some of these compounds, chemical investigations on this topic have grown considerably in the decades. Here the biological activities of some of these flavonoids are also briefly discussed.
Annonaceae ; chemistry ; classification ; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Survival ; drug effects ; Flavonoids ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Inhibitory Concentration 50 ; Molecular Structure ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo optimize the animal model of liver injury that can properly represent the pathological characteristics of dampness-heat jaundice syndrome of traditional Chinese medicine.

METHODSThe liver injury in the model rat was induced by alpha-naphthylisothiocyanate (ANIT) and carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4) ) respectively, and the effects of Yinchenhao Decoction (, YCHD), a proved effective Chinese medical formula for treating the dampness-heat jaundice syndrome in clinic, on the two liver injury models were evaluated by analyzing the serum level of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), asparate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), malondialchehyche (MDA), total bilirubin (T-BIL), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) as well as the ratio of liver weight to body weight. The experimental data were analyzed by principal component analytical method of pattern recognition.

RESULTSThe ratio of liver weight to body weight was significantly elevated in the ANIT and CCl(4) groups when compared with that in the normal control (P<0.01). The contents of ALT and T-BIL were significantly higher in the ANIT group than in the normal control (P<0.05,P<0.01), and the levels of AST, ALT and ALP were significantly elevated in CCl(4) group relative to those in the normal control P<0.01). In the YCHD group, the increase in AST, ALT and ALP levels was significantly reduced (P<0.05, P<0.01), but with no significant increase in serum T-BIL. In the CCl(4) intoxicated group, the MDA content was significantly increased and SOD, GSH-PX activities decreased significantly compared with those in the normal control group, respectively (P<0.01). The increase in MDA induced by CCl(4) was significantly reduced by YCHD P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONYCHD showed significant effects on preventing liver injury progression induced by CCl(4), and the closest or most suitable animal model for damp-heat jaundice syndrome may be the one induced by CCl(4).

1-Naphthylisothiocyanate ; toxicity ; Alanine Transaminase ; blood ; Alkaline Phosphatase ; blood ; Animals ; Annonaceae ; Aspartate Aminotransferases ; blood ; Bilirubin ; blood ; Body Weight ; Carbon Tetrachloride ; toxicity ; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury ; Disease Models, Animal ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Glutathione ; metabolism ; Hepatocytes ; drug effects ; enzymology ; pathology ; Jaundice ; chemically induced ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Liver ; drug effects ; enzymology ; pathology ; Liver Diseases ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Male ; Malondialdehyde ; metabolism ; Organ Size ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Superoxide Dismutase ; metabolism