OBJECTIVETo investigate the expression of fragile histidine triad (FHIT) gene protein, FHIT and the possible relationship between FHIT expression and clinicopathological indices in colorectal carcinoma.

METHODSDetecting FHIT protein expression in 60 cases of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded colorectal carcinoma by citrate-microwave-SP immunohistochemical method, and analyzing its relationship to histological grade, Dukes' stage and 5-year survival rate.

RESULTS55% of the carcinomas showed a marked loss or absence of FHIT expression compared with their matched normal mucosa. Carcinomas with reduced expression of FHIT correlated with their histological grade, Dukes' stage (P < 0.05) and 5-year survival rate. The distribution of decreased expression of FHIT was 7/16 in grade I carcinoma, 14/30 in grade II, 12/14 in grade III, respectively. The correlation between decreased expression of FHIT and Dukes' staging was 5/11 in stage A, 12/28 in stage B, and 16/21 in stage C. The difference between stage A, B with no lymph nodes metastases and the stage C with lymph nodes metastases was of significance (P < 0.05). The follow-up data of 39 cases showed that in the 5-year survival group, 13/25 were of the low FHIT expression carcinomas, while in 5-year deceased group 12/14 were of the low FHIT expression carcinomas (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSThe reduced expression of FHIT may be associated with decreasing differentiation, metastasis and 5-year survival rate in colorectal carcinoma. It is suggested that decreased FHIT expression plays an important role in the development and progression of the tumor, and thus may become a new prognostic marker in colorectal carcinoma.

Acid Anhydride Hydrolases ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Neoplasm Proteins ; biosynthesis ; Neoplasm Staging ; Survival Analysis

OBJECTIVETo investigate the suppression effect of exogenous fragile histidine triad (FHIT) gene on biological property of MEC-1 cells.

METHODSIn order to study the FHIT function in MEC-1 cells, wild-type FHIT gene was transferred into mucoepidermoid carcinoma MEC-1 cells. The proliferation and kinetics, cell cycle, clonal forming rate, and apoptosis of MEC-1 cells, before and after FHIT gene transfection in vitro, and tumor loci formed on mice after injection of transferred MEC-1 cells in vivo were observed by immunochemical staining, flow cytometry analysis, and so on.

RESULTSIt can be seen that exogenous FHIT gene transfer could significantly inhibit the proliferation and reduce the kinetics of MEC-1 cells in vitro, prolong DT from (21.03+/-0.41) h to (26.86+/-0.71) h, and also keep less cells in cell cycle phase S, whilst more cells in phase G1, Additionally, the exogenous FHIT was found to be able to remarkably suppress MEC-1 cells of forming tumor loci in nude mice by lessen tumor weight, and promote higher differentiation of MEC-1 cells to be mucous cells.

CONCLUSIONExogenous FHIT gene could suppress the proliferation, tumorigenicity and improve the differentiation of MEC-1 cells, in vitro and in vivo.

Acid Anhydride Hydrolases ; Animals ; Apoptosis ; Carcinoma, Mucoepidermoid ; Cell Cycle ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Histidine ; Humans ; Mice ; Mice, Nude ; Neoplasm Proteins ; Transfection

Acid Anhydride Hydrolases ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; etiology ; genetics ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; etiology ; genetics ; Mutation ; Neoplasm Proteins ; genetics ; RNA, Messenger ; analysis

OBJECTIVETo detect the expression of fragile histidine triad in endometriosis and investigate the pathogenesis of endometriosis.

METHODSimmunohistochemistry was used to examine the expression of Fhit in the eutopic and ectopic endometria of 58 patients with endometriosis and in the endometria in 15 patients with hysteromyoma.

RESULTSThe intensity of Fhit expression decreased in the order of normal endometrium, eutopic endometrium in endometriosis group, and ectopic endometrium. In patients with endometriosis, Fhit expression in the eutopic and ectopic endometria in proliferative phase showed no significant difference from that in secretory phase (P>0.05). Fhit expression in the ectopic endometrium showed significant difference between different r-AFS stages. MOD of ectopic endometrium in stages I-II was significantly higher than that in stages III-IV (P<0.05), but Fhit expression in the eutopic endometrium showed no significant difference (P>0.05). MOD of ovarian endometriosis showed no difference with that of adenomyosis.

CONCLUSIONSFhit may play an important role in the development of endometriosis.

Acid Anhydride Hydrolases ; metabolism ; Adult ; Endometriosis ; metabolism ; pathology ; Endometrium ; metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Proteins ; metabolism

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The fragile histidine triad (FHIT) gene located at chromosome 3p14.2, is a candidate tumor suppressor gene often involved in various tumors. Homozygous deletions, lack or reduced expression of FHIT protein, and alteration of its transcription were frequently observed in several types of primary human cancers and cell lines. In the present study, we examined the expression profiles of aberrant FHIT transcripts to explore the role of FHIT gene in gastric carcinogenesis. METHODS: In 6 gastric cancer cell lines, nested reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and cDNA sequence analyses were performed to detect and characterize the aberrant FHIT transcripts. RESULTS: In addition to the wild-type FHIT transcript, small-sized transcripts with various numbers and lengths were observed in all of the cell lines examined. cDNA sequence analysis confirmed that different types of truncated transcripts included exonic deletions, insertions of intron 5 sequences between exons, and combinations of both. Most of these transcripts lacked exon 5 in which translation initiation codon is located. Aberrant transcripts with partial exonic deletions due to activation of cryptic splice sites were also observed in 5 cell lines. Additionally, multi-step splice patterns indicative of additional downstream processing, were observed in several cancer lines. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the aberrant FHIT transcripts in gastric cancer cell lines results from faulty splicing, including exon skipping, selection of cryptic splice site, and additional downstream splice processing.
*Acid Anhydride Hydrolases ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Codon, Initiator/genetics ; DNA, Complementary/genetics ; Genes, Tumor Suppressor ; Humans ; Neoplasm Proteins/*genetics ; *Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Stomach Neoplasms/*genetics ; *Transcription, Genetic

OBJECTIVETo investigate the expressions of the FHIT and PTEN genes and their significance in prostate cancer.

METHODSThe expressions of FHIT and PTEN were detected in 85 cases of prostate cancer and 30 cases of benign prostatic nodular hyperplasia by immunohistochemistry of PV-6000.

RESULTSThe positive expression rates of FHIT and PTEN were 34.1% and 42.4% in prostate cancer, significantly lower than 96.7% and 90.0% in benign prostatic nodular hyperplasia (P <0.01). Statistically significant differences were found in the positive expression rates of FHIT and PTEN among different Gleason grades, 44.4% and 55.6% in well differentiated, 38.9% and 44.4% in moderately differentiated, and 25.0% and 37.5% in lowly differentiated prostate cancer (P <0.05). But the expression of FHIT.

CONCLUSIONFHIT and PTEN may play a certain role in the was not correlated with that of PTEN in the prostate cancer tissue (P >0.05). development, progression and infiltration of prostate cancer.

Acid Anhydride Hydrolases ; metabolism ; Adenocarcinoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; Aged ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Proteins ; metabolism ; PTEN Phosphohydrolase ; metabolism ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of fragile histidine triad (FHIT) gene transfection on human colorectal cancer cell line SW480 through up-regulation of caspase-8 expression.

METHODSThe eukaryotic expression plasmid containing FHIT, pRc/CMV2-FHIT was prepared and purified, and then identified by restrictive enzyme digestion. pRc/CMV2-FHIT was transfected into SW480 cells, and positive cell clones (SW480-FHIT, study group) were selected and amplified. Empty plasmid-transfected SW480 cells(SW480-pRc/CMV2, negative control) and normal SW480 cells (bland control) were used as control. Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay was used to test the changes in the proliferation of SW480 cells. Cell-cycle kinetics and apoptosis were analyzed by flow cytometry (FCM). The changes of pro-caspase-8, caspase-8 mRNA and caspase-8 relative activity were analyzed by Western blot, semi-quantitative RT-PCR and colorimetric assay with pan labeled substrate, respectively.

RESULTSAt 96 hours after transfection, cell inhibition rates of the study group and the negative control group were 71.7% and 16.9%. G0/G1 ratio was (63.2±3.5)% and (50.6±2.1)%, optical density of caspase-8 mRNA band 107 and 41, and relative activity of caspase-8 0.43 and 0.25, respectively. All the differences above were statistically significant (P<0.05). When FHIT inhibitor was added, the relative activity of caspase-8 decreased to 0.22, comparable to that in the control group.

CONCLUSIONSFHIT gene transfection can significantly inhibit the proliferation and induce G0/G1 arrest in human colon cancer cell line SW480. The mechanism is related to the up-regulation of caspase-8 expression.

Acid Anhydride Hydrolases ; genetics ; Apoptosis ; Caspase 8 ; metabolism ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; Colonic Neoplasms ; genetics ; pathology ; Humans ; Neoplasm Proteins ; genetics ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; Transfection

BACKGROUNDIt is widely recognized that the diagnosis of parathyroid carcinoma (PC) is often difficult because of the overlap of characteristics between malignant and benign parathyroid tumors, especially at an early stage. Our study aimed to investigate the differential expression of Ki-67, galectin-3, fragile histidine triad (FHIT) gene, and parafibromin in PC, parathyroid adenoma (PA), parathyroid hyperplasia (PH), and normal parathyroid (NP) tissues; then to assess these expression values for use in differential diagnosis of malignant and benign parathyroid tumors.

METHODSData of 15 cases with PC, 19 PAs, and 8 PHs were retrospectively analyzed for their clinical characteristics. The expression of Ki-67, galectin-3, FHIT, and parafibromin were detected via immunohistochemistry in the above-mentioned specimens and 6 NPs as control.

RESULTSComplete loss of parafibromin expression was seen in 9 of 15 (60%) carcinomas, and all normal parathyroid tissues and parathyroid benign tumors stained positive for parafibromin except for one (4%) adenoma. Galectin-3 staining was positive in 11 of 15 (73%) carcinomas, 5 of 19 (26%) adenomas, 1 of 8 (12%) hyperplasias, and 0 of 6 normal tissues. The Ki-67 proliferative index was high in 4 of 15 (27%) carcinomas, 1 of 19 (5%) adenomas, and none of the hyperplasia or normal tissues. FHIT expression did not differ appreciably among the tumor types. The combination of overexpression of galectin-3 or loss of parafibromin increased sensitivity for PC to 87%, while the specificity of both positive galectin-3 and positive Ki-67 could reach 100%.

CONCLUSIONSThese data suggested that loss of parafibromin and overexpression of galectin-3 and Ki-67 might help to distinguish parathyroid carcinoma from other parathyroid tumors. And the combination of two or three of these markers might produce better sensitivity and/or specificity for the diagnosis of parathyroid carcinoma.

Acid Anhydride Hydrolases ; metabolism ; Galectin 3 ; metabolism ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Ki-67 Antigen ; metabolism ; Neoplasm Proteins ; metabolism ; Parathyroid Neoplasms ; metabolism ; Tumor Suppressor Proteins ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo investigate the loss of heterozygosity (LOH) and microsatellite instability (MSI) of fragile histidine triad (FHIT) gene in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC).

METHODSUsing polymerase chain reaction-simple sequence length polymorphism (SSLP) -silver staining technique, 41 samples of LSCC were detected for LOH and MSI with microsatellite sites D3S1234 and D3S1300.

RESULTSLOH was found in 44.4% (16/36) and 36.4% (12/33) of informative cases at D3S1234 and D3S1300 respectively, while MSI at the two loci was found in 19.4% (7/36) and 24.2% (8/33) of informative cases respectively. In 41 cases of LSCC, 38 cases were informative at either locus. 52.6% (20/38) of cases had LOH while 28.9% (11/38) had MSI. The rate of LOH was related to the tumor TNM stage, pathological grade, lymph node metastasis and tumor relapse (P < 0.05). The rate of MSI was related to the tumor lymph node metastasis (P < 0.05 ).

CONCLUSIONThe frequencies of LOH and MSI in the two microsatellite sites, D3S1234 and D3S1300, of FHIT gene might play a role in carcinogenesis and development of LSCC and might provide some new approaches for early gene detection for LSCC.

Acid Anhydride Hydrolases ; genetics ; Adult ; Aged ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; genetics ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Laryngeal Neoplasms ; genetics ; pathology ; Loss of Heterozygosity ; Male ; Microsatellite Instability ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Proteins ; genetics

FHIT (fragile histidine triad) gene at chromosome 3p14.2 usually expresses at a very low level in human tissue and cells. A high frequency of abnormalities in FHIT gene has been demonstrated in various cancers. FHIT is proposed as a putative tumor-suppressor gene. To evaluate the expression of the FHIT gene in various leukemias, bone marrow or peripheral blood samples from 98 leukemia patients were tested by RT-PCR: 38 from patients with AML-[M(2)(9), M(3)(12), M(4)(8), M(5)(9)], 16 with ALL, and 34 with CML-[CP(20), AP(4), BC(10)] of various FAB types, as well as 10 patients with other hematological malignancies. To detect a deletion in sequencing the FHIT gene, the representative aberrant PCR products were cloned and then sequenced. The results showed that 22/38 (58%) patients with AML, 9/16 (56%) patients with ALL and 19/34 (56%) patients with CML were detectable of aberrant FHIT mRNA transcripts or deletion of FHIT. In 6 (16%) AML patients, 3 (19%) ALL patients, and 5 (15%) CML patients, the wild-type product was absent. Some patient's samples - 6 (42%) AML, 6 (38%) ALL, and 14 (41%) CML revealed aberrant FHIT transcripts in addition to a normal-sized band. Samples from healthy donors (PB, n = 12; BM, n = 5) did not indicate any abnormal expression. Eleven isolated fragments from various patterns of FHIT gene expression were investigated using cDNA sequencing. Sequence analysis revealed deletion of exon 4-8, exon 5-8, and exon 5-6 in various leukemias, as well as the deletion of the full FHIT gene sequence. The fused transcripts included: exon 3 and exon 9, exon 3 and exon 7, exon 4 and exon 9, exon 5 and exon 7. Sequence analysis of aberrant fragments present in samples from an AML and a CML patients was detected for point mutations and insert mutations located in exons 2, 8 and 10, plus a variety of aberrant transcripts. Deletion or aberrant FHIT mRNA transcripts in 50/98 (51%) leukemia patients were found. All samples with aberrant FHIT lacked gene product. A Kaplan-Meier plot of survival in patients with AML in relation to FHIT expression revealed that aberrance or loss of FHIT gene significantly correlated with a low clinical remission rate and poor overall survival.
Acid Anhydride Hydrolases ; genetics ; Base Sequence ; Gene Deletion ; Humans ; Leukemia ; genetics ; metabolism ; Lymphocytes ; metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Neoplasm Proteins ; genetics ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; RNA, Messenger ; analysis