Relationship of average daily glycemic index and glycemic load with body mass Index among Filipinos in the rural setting

Hderbert A Arellano; Mark Anthony S Sandoval; Elizabeth Paz-pacheco; Jundelle Romulo Jalique

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Relationship of average daily glycemic index and glycemic load with body mass Index among Filipinos in the rural setting

Author: Hderbert A. Arellano ¹ ; Mark Anthony S. Sandoval ² ; Elizabeth Paz-Pacheco ² ; Jundelle Romulo Jalique ³
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1. Fellow-in-training, Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of the Philippines - Philippine General Hospital
2. Consultant and Faculty member, Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of the Philippines - Philippine General Hospital
3. Biotatistician, Division of Research, Department of Education, Training and Research, Philippine Heart Center
Publication Type:Journal Article
Keywords: Body Mass Index; Obesity
MeSH: Glycemic Index; Glycemic Load
From: Philippine Journal of Internal Medicine 2017;55(4):1-7
CountryPhilippines
Language:English
Abstract: Introduction:While the relationship between obesity and caloric intake is widely accepted, the role of glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) to body mass index (BMI) remains equivocal. This study seeks to determine the daily glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) of usual diet of rural-dwelling Filipinos, and their relationship with body mass index (BMI).
Methods:This is a cross-sectional study reviewing the data of 139 adults from San Juan, Batangas. Average daily GI and GL were calculated from two-day food recall questionnaires. Spearman’s rank test was used to determine correlation of daily GI and GL with BMI; the mean BMI was compared among GI and GL tertiles using one-way ANOVA. Partial least squares regression was used to determine the contribution of food items to daily GI and GL.
Results:No overall correlation was observed between daily GI or GL and BMI using Spearman’s rank. However, BMI was higher with increasing GI tertiles (p<0.0001) and GL tertiles (p=0.0108) among the males, but not females. Bread, coffeemix and sweets were major contributors to daily GI, while rice, bread/pastries and sweetened beverages were to daily GL. Leafy vegetables negatively contributed to both.
Conclusion:There is a positive relationship observed between daily GI and BMI, and daily GL and BMI among the men, but not women, in this population. Staple food with high GI like bread/pastries and sweetened beverages contributed most to both daily GI and GL, with the addition of rice for daily GL. Among Filipinos with marginal daily caloric intake, optimizing carbohydrate quality (low GI or GL) rather than limiting its quantity may be more appropriate. Future studies of prospective design and using objective methods of food intake reporting are recommended.
Full text:PJIM 38.pdf