Efficacy and safety of Omalizumab for the treatment of pediatric allergic asthma: a retrospective multicenter real-world study in China

Li Xiang; Baoping XU; Huijie Huang; Mian Wei; Dehui Chen; Yingying Zhai; Yingju Zhang; Dan Liang; Chunhui HE; Wei Hou; Yang Zhang; Zhimin Chen; Jingling Liu; Changshan Liu; Xueyan Wang; Shan Hua; Ning Zhang; Ming LI; Quan Zhang; Leping YE; Wei Ding; Wei Zhou; Ling Liu; Ling Wang; Yingyu Quan; Yanping Chen; Yanni Meng; Qiusheng GE; Qi Zhang; Jie Chen; Guilan Wang; Dongming Huang; Yong Yin; Mingyu Tang; Kunling Shen

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Efficacy and safety of Omalizumab for the treatment of pediatric allergic asthma: a retrospective multicenter real-world study in China

VernacularTitle:过敏性哮喘患儿使用奥马珠单抗的有效性和安全性评估：中国真实世界中的回顾性多中心研究
Author: Li XIANG ¹ ; Baoping XU ; Huijie HUANG ; Mian WEI ; Dehui CHEN ; Yingying ZHAI ; Yingju ZHANG ; Dan LIANG ; Chunhui HE ; Wei HOU ; Yang ZHANG ; Zhimin CHEN ; Jingling LIU ; Changshan LIU ; Xueyan WANG ; Shan HUA ; Ning ZHANG ; Ming LI ; Quan ZHANG ; Leping YE ; Wei DING ; Wei ZHOU ; Ling LIU ; Ling WANG ; Yingyu QUAN ; Yanping CHEN ; Yanni MENG ; Qiusheng GE ; Qi ZHANG ; Jie CHEN ; Guilan WANG ; Dongming HUANG ; Yong YIN ; Mingyu TANG ; Kunling SHEN
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1. 国家儿童医学中心，首都医科大学附属北京儿童医院过敏反应科，国家呼吸系统疾病临床医学研究中心，北京　100045
Keywords: Omalizumab; Allergic asthma; Child; Effectiveness; Safety; Symptom control; Exacerbation; Corticosteroid dosage reduction; Allergic comorbidities
From: Chinese Journal of Applied Clinical Pediatrics 2023;38(1):64-71
CountryChina
Language:Chinese
Abstract: Objective:To assess the clinical effectiveness and safety of Omalizumab for treating pediatric allergic asthma in real world in China.Methods:The clinical data of children aged 6 to 11 years with allergic asthma who received Omalizumab treatment in 17 hospitals in China between July 6, 2018 and September 30, 2020 were retrospectively analyzed.Such information as the demographic characteristics, allergic history, family history, total immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels, specific IgE levels, skin prick test, exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) levels, eosinophil (EOS) counts, and comorbidities at baseline were collected.Descriptive analysis of the Omalizumab treatment mode was made, and the difference in the first dose, injection frequency and course of treatment between the Omalizumab treatment mode and the mode recommended in the instruction was investigated.Global Evaluation of Treatment Effectiveness (GETE) analysis was made after Omalizumab treatment.The moderate-to-severe asthma exacerbation rate, inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) dose, lung functions were compared before and after Omalizumab treatment.Changes in the Childhood Asthma Control Test (C-ACT) and Pediatric Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (PAQLQ) results from baseline to 4, 8, 12, 16, 24, and 52 weeks after Omalizumab treatment were studied.The commodity improvement was assessed.The adverse event (AE) and serious adverse event (SAE) were analyzed for the evaluation of Omalizumab treatment safety.The difference in the annual rate of moderate-to-severe asthma exacerbation and ICS reduction was investigated by using t test.The significance level was set to 0.05.Other parameters were all subject to descriptive analysis.A total of 200 allergic asthma patients were enrolled, including 75.5% ( n=151) males and 24.5% ( n=49) females.The patients aged (8.20±1.81) years. Results:The median total IgE level of the 200 patients was 513.5 (24.4-11 600.0) IU/mL.Their median treatment time with Omalizumab was 112 (1-666) days.Their first dose of Omalizumab was 300 (150-600) mg.Of the 200 cases, 114 cases (57.0%) followed the first Omalizumab dosage recommended in the instruction.After 4-6 months of Omalizumab treatment, 88.5% of the patients enrolled ( n=117) responded to Omalizumab.After 4 weeks of treatment with Omalizumab, asthma was well-controlled, with an increased C-ACT score [from (22.70±3.70) points to (18.90±3.74) points at baseline]. Four-six months after Omalizumab administration, the annual rate of moderate-to-severe asthma exacerbation had a reduction of (2.00±5.68) per patient year( t=4.702 5, P<0.001), the median ICS daily dose was lowered [0 (0-240) μg vs. 160 (50-4 000) μg at baseline] ( P<0.001), the PAQLQ score was improved [(154.90±8.57) points vs. (122.80±27.15) points at baseline], and the forced expiratory volume in one second % predicted (FEV 1%pred) was increased [(92.80±10.50)% vs. (89.70±18.17)% at baseline]. In patients with available evaluations for comorbidities, including allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis or eczema, urticaria, allergic conjunctivitis and sinusitis, 92.8%-100.0% showed improved symptoms.A total of 124 AE were reported in 58 (29.0%) of the 200 patients, and the annual incidence was 0(0-15.1) per patient year.In 53 patients who suffered AE, 44 patients (83.0%) and 9 patients (17.0%) reported mild and moderate AE, respectively.No severe AE were observed in patients.The annual incidence of SAE was 0(0-1.9) per patient year.Most common drug-related AE were abdominal pain (2 patients, 1.0%) and fever (2 patients, 1.0%). No patient withdrew Omalizumab due to AE. Conclusions:Omalizumab shows good effectiveness and safety for the treatment of asthma in children.It can reduce the moderate-to-severe asthma exacerbation rate, reduce the ICS dose, improve asthma control levels, and improve lung functions and quality of life of patients.