Accuracy and use of the reflexive behavioral (“Baah”) test and risk factor questionnaire for hearing screening in infants six months old and below
https://doi.org/10.47895/amp.v57i9.4378
- Author:
Gienah F. Evangelista
1
;
Patrick John P. Labra
1
;
Charlotte M. Chiong
1
,
2
;
Alessandra Nadine E. Chiong
1
;
Precious Eunice R. Grullo
1
Author Information
1. Philippine National Ear Institute, National Institutes of Health, University of the Philippines Manila
2. Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine and Philippine General Hospital, University of the Philippines Manila
- Publication Type:Journal Article
- Keywords:
Newborn hearing screening;
Community hearing screening;
“Baah” test;
NHSRC Questionnaire;
Reflexive behavioral test;
Otoacoustic emission test
- MeSH:
Surveys and Questionnaires;
Infant, Newborn;
Audiometry;
Behavior Rating Scale
- From:
Acta Medica Philippina
2023;57(9):21-27
- CountryPhilippines
- Language:English
-
Abstract:
Objective:To determine the accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive values, and use of the Reflexive Behavioral “Baah” Test and NHSRC Level 1 and Level 2 Questionnaires in detecting hearing impairment in rural health communities.
Methods:This was a prospective cross-sectional study conducted at the rural health unit of five municipalities. Infants less than six months old were screened for hearing impairments using the OAE device (standard), the Reflexive Behavioral “Baah” test, and the NHSRC Level 1 and Level 2 Questionnaires. The “Baah” test and the filling out of the NHSRC Level 1 and 2 Questionnaires were done by trained health workers while OAE was done by an audiologist.
Results:A total of 103 babies, with a mean age of 41.9 days at the time of testing and a male to female ratio of 1.02:1 (52 males and 51 females) were tested. A hearing impairment prevalence of 4.9% (5 out of 103) was noted. The “Baah” test showed to have a sensitivity of 60%, specificity of 97.96% and an accuracy rate of 96.12%. The NHSRC Level 1 and Level 2 Questionnaires showed sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy rate of 40%, 67.35% and 66.02%, respectively for the former and 40%, 85.71% and 83.50%, respectively for the latter. Analysis of the complimentary use of the NHSRC Level 1 and Level 2 Questionnaires with the “Baah” test also showed no significant improvement to using the “Baah” test as a stand-alone screening tool with sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 60%, 67.35% and 66.99%, respectively for the “Baah” test and Level 1 Questionnaire, and 60%, 83.67% and 82.52%, respectively for the “Baah” test and Level 2 Questionnaire.
Conclusion:The Reflexive Behavioral “Baah” test is a potentially accurate, sensitive, specific, and acceptable standalone hearing screening test to identify infants with higher risk of hearing impairment in the rural health community setting. On the other hand, the use of the NHSRC Questionnaires as a stand-alone or complementary tool for “Baah” is unnecessary as it results to more false positive and false negative results.
- Full text:4378-Article Text-125644-1-10-20230928.pdf
