Prevalence of systemic and local risk factors for pulmonary non-tuberculous mycobacterial disease in Japan: a single-institution study

Ryohei Kamei; Michiru Sawahata; Masayuki Nakayama; Toshiyuki Yamada; Nobuyuki Taniguchi; Masashi Bando; Koichi Hagiwara

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Prevalence of systemic and local risk factors for pulmonary non-tuberculous mycobacterial disease in Japan: a single-institution study

VernacularTitle:Prevalence of systemic and local risk factors for pulmonary non-tuberculous mycobacterial disease in Japan: a single-institution study
Author: Ryohei KAMEI ¹ ; Michiru SAWAHATA ¹ ; Masayuki NAKAYAMA ¹ ; Toshiyuki YAMADA ² ; Nobuyuki TANIGUCHI ² ; Masashi BANDO ¹ ; Koichi HAGIWARA ¹
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1. Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Japan
2. Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Japan
Keywords: non-tuberculous mycobacteria; epidemiology; risk factor; aging; gender
From:Journal of Rural Medicine 2023;18(3):168-174
CountryJapan
Language:English
Abstract: Objective: To identify the prevalence of risk factors for pulmonary non-tuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) disease in a Japanese population.Patients and Methods: We reviewed 337 consecutive Japanese patients (210 women) with pulmonary NTM disease, including 225 patients with Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) disease (95.8%) at our hospital during 2006–2017. We calculated the prevalence of risk factors reported in Western countries among mycobacterial species.Results: Pulmonary MAC disease cases comprised 78.2% of pulmonary NTM patients in their 40s, increasing to 100% at age ≥80 years. Body mass index (BMI) was <18.5 in approximately 40% of patients, which was significantly higher than the prevalence of underweight in the Japanese population. The percentage of male heavy smokers (Brinkman index ≥600) was 58.2% of pulmonary NTM disease and was high for all mycobacterial species. In pulmonary MAC disease, systemic factors were observed in the order of malignant tumors (other than lung cancer), diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, and tuberculosis. Local factors were observed in the order of bronchiectasis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, lung cancer, and bronchial asthma.Conclusion: The risk factors reported in Western countries were relatively highly prevalent among Japanese pulmonary NTM disease patients. This observation may help elucidate disease onset mechanisms.