The effect of smoking in the development of stroke in young patients 19 to 45 years old: A case-control study
- Author:
Cherie Ann A. Bautista, MD
1
;
Ken Manongas, MD
1
;
Marc Laurence L. Fernandez, MD
2
,
3
;
Fritz Rinaldi De Asis Bernardo, MD
4
,
5
Author Information
- Publication Type:Journal Article
- Keywords: Pack Years Cigarette Smoking; Modified Rankin Scale; Pearson Correlation
- MeSH: Stroke; Case-Control; Retrospective
- From: Philippine Journal of Internal Medicine 2023;61(1):1-5
- CountryPhilippines
- Language:English
-
Abstract:
Introduction:The increasing incidence of stroke in young adults has been a growing concern, which is why research studies were generated to find out the risk factors contributing to the development of this disease. This study investigated the dose-dependent effect of smoking in the development of stroke in the young ages (19-45 years).
Methods:A case-control retrospective study was conducted using electronic and printed records of the patients admitted to Amang Rodriguez Memorial Medical Center last 2017-2018. There were 275 patients included in the study. The smoking status and pack-years cigarette smoking of the subjects were recorded and were correlated with the duration of hospitalization and the Modified Rankin Scale (MRS). Results were analyzed using student’s t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson’s Correlation.
Result:The prevalence of stroke was higher in men than in women. The ORs (95% CI) of stroke were significant in current cigarette smoking at 2.71 (CI: 1.6398 to 4.4943). Compared with non-smokers and those who smoked 1 to 9 pack years, the OR of stroke was significantly increased for those who smoked 10 to 19, and ≥ 20 cigarettes per day with OR of 14.0765 (4.10 to 48.35), and 31.5854 (1.82 to 548.97), respectively (p= 0.032 for linear trends). There was a weak positive linear correlation between pack years of cigarette smoking (1-9, 10-19, >20 pack years) and days of hospitalization (r= 0.28; p for trend = 0.0168). There was also a strong positive linear correlation between stroke outcome using the Modified Rankin Scale and pack years of cigarette smoking (r = 0.72; P for trend = 0.001). This study shows an increase in the odds of stroke in current cigarette smokers with a dose-dependent relationship in its outcome.
Conclusion:Smoking is a significant risk factor for stroke with a dose-dependent effect on its outcome. Furthermore, quitting smoking significantly decreases the risk of developing stroke. - Full text:1 - The Effect of Smoking in the Development of Stroke in Young Patients 19 to 45 Years Old A Case-Control Study.pdf
