General Formulas for Calculating Commonly Used Kinship Index.
10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2023.530104
- Author:
Chao XIAO
1
;
Dai-Xin HUANG
1
Author Information
1. Department of Forensic Medicine, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
- Publication Type:Journal Article
- Keywords:
Kronecker symbol;
forensic genetics;
formula;
kinship index;
kinship testing;
paternity index
- MeSH:
Female;
Child;
Humans;
Paternity;
Siblings;
Genotype;
Mothers;
Models, Genetic
- From:
Journal of Forensic Medicine
2023;39(3):276-282
- CountryChina
- Language:English
-
Abstract:
OBJECTIVES:To derive general formulas for calculating commonly used kinship index (KI).
METHODS:By introducing the Kronecker symbol, the formulas used to calculate the same KI under different genotype combinations were summarized into a unified expression.
RESULTS:The general formulas were successfully derived for KI in various case situations, including the paternity index, full sibling index, half sibling index, avuncular index, grandpaternity index, first-cousin index, and second-cousin index between two individuals without or with the mother being involved; grandpaternity index between grandparents and a grandchild without or with the mother being involved; half sibling index between two children with two mothers being involved; full sibling index among three children; and half sibling index among three children with no, one, or two mothers being involved.
CONCLUSIONS:The general formulas given in this study simplify the calculation of KIs and facilitate fast and accurate calculation through programming.
