Cytotoxicity of 4 Wild Mushrooms in a Case of Yunnan Sudden Unexplained Death.
10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2021.310802
- Author:
Wu LONG
1
;
Peng-Fei QU
2
;
Lin MA
3
;
Rui WANG
1
;
Yan-Mei XI
3
;
Yu-Hua LI
1
;
Sheng-Jie NIE
1
;
Ting DUAN
1
;
Jin-Liang DU
1
;
Xue TANG
3
;
Jing-Feng ZHAO
4
;
Pu-Ping LEI
1
;
Yue-Bing WANG
3
Author Information
1. College of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China.
2. Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China.
3. Yunnan Institute of Endemic Diseases Control and Prevention, Dali 671000, Yunnan Province, China.
4. Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Research and Development Center for Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China.
- Publication Type:Journal Article
- Keywords:
Amanita manginiana;
Yunnan sudden unexplained death;
cytotoxicity;
forensic pathology;
forensic toxicology;
wild mushroom
- MeSH:
Humans;
HEK293 Cells;
Sincalide;
China;
Amanita;
Death, Sudden
- From:
Journal of Forensic Medicine
2023;39(2):121-128
- CountryChina
- Language:English
-
Abstract:
OBJECTIVES:To explore the cytotoxicity of four wild mushrooms involved in a case of Yunnan sudden unexplained death (YNSUD), to provide the experimental basis for prevention and treatment of YNSUD.
METHODS:Four kinds of wild mushrooms that were eaten by family members in this YNSUD incident were collected and identified by expert identification and gene sequencing. Raw extracts from four wild mushrooms were extracted by ultrasonic extraction to intervene HEK293 cells, and the mushrooms with obvious cytotoxicity were screened by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8). The selected wild mushrooms were prepared into three kinds of extracts, which were raw, boiled, and boiled followed by enzymolysis. HEK293 cells were intervened with these three extracts at different concentrations. The cytotoxicity was detected by CCK-8 combined with lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) Assay Kit, and the morphological changes of HEK293 cells were observed under an inverted phase contrast microscope.
RESULTS:Species identification indicated that the four wild mushrooms were Butyriboletus roseoflavus, Boletus edulis, Russula virescens and Amanita manginiana. Cytotoxicity was found only in Amanita manginiana. The raw extracts showed cytotoxicity at the mass concentration of 0.1 mg/mL, while the boiled extracts and the boiled followed by enzymolysis extracts showed obvious cytotoxicity at the mass concentration of 0.4 mg/mL and 0.7 mg/mL, respectively. In addition to the obvious decrease in the number of HEK293 cells, the number of synapses increased and the refraction of HEK293 cells was poor after the intervention of Amanita manginiana extracts.
CONCLUSIONS:The extracts of Amanita manginiana involved in this YNSUD case has obvious cytotoxicity, and some of its toxicity can be reduced by boiled and enzymolysis, but cannot be completely detoxicated. Therefore, the consumption of Amanita manginiana is potentially dangerous, and it may be one of the causes of the YNSUD.
