Tissue Window versus Time Window? A Review of Patients  Receiving Extended Hours Thrombolysis Guided By DWI-FLAIR  Mismatch : Case Series

Anna Misya&rsquo; il Abdul Rashid; Mohamad Syafeeq Faeez Md Noh; Abdul Hanif Khan Yusof Khan; Wei Chao Loh; Janudin Baharin; Azliza Ibrahim; Liyana Najwa Inche Mat; Wan Aliaa Wan Sulaiman; Fan Kee Hoo; Hamidon Basri

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Tissue Window versus Time Window? A Review of Patients Receiving Extended Hours Thrombolysis Guided By DWI-FLAIR Mismatch : Case Series

Author: Anna Misya’il Abdul Rashid ^{1
,

2} ; Mohamad Syafeeq Faeez Md Noh ³ ; Abdul Hanif Khan Yusof Khan ¹ ; Wei Chao Loh ¹ ; Janudin Baharin ¹ ; Azliza Ibrahim ¹ ; Liyana Najwa Inche Mat ¹ ; Wan Aliaa Wan Sulaiman ¹ ; Fan Kee Hoo ¹ ; Hamidon Basri ¹
Author Information

1. Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia&
2. Institut Penyelidikan Penuaan Malaysia (MyAgeing), Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
3. Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
Publication Type:Other Types
Keywords: Acute ischemic stroke (AIS), Thrombolysis, Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), Diffusion weighted imaging (DWI), Fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR)
From:Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences 2022;18(No.3):182-187
CountryMalaysia
Language:English
Abstract: Introduction: Intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) is the gold standard for the treatment of patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) presenting within four and a half hours of onset. However, development of new thrombolytic agents and advanced imaging has led to extended time for thrombolysis based on advanced imaging. Here we describe four patients who presented in the extended hours; that benefitted from thrombolysis. Case series: We advocate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for AIS, that includes diffusion weighted imaging (DWI), apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR), susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI), and magnetic resonance angiography (MRA). We included four patients who were more than 18 years old, with National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) of six or more, presenting between four and a half to nine hours after stroke onset with no contraindications for intravenous thrombolysis. The imaging criteria used to determine eligibility for IVT is evidence of DWI-FLAIR mismatch on MRI. If FLAIR detects no signal change in the area of stroke on DWI, it is then termed DWIFLAIR mismatch, or FLAIR-negative – indicating high probability that the brain tissue is still viable, and that patients are good candidates for IVT. Conclusion: For patients with AIS who present within nine hours, DWI-FLAIR mismatch serves as an excellent surrogate marker of salvageable brain tissue, allowing a greater proportion of patients benefiting from this life-saving therapy. Our experience also shows that with careful patient selection, treatment with IVT can safely be given without an increased risk of bleeding or mortality.
Full text:11.2022my1285.pdf