Factors Associated With Pressure Ulcer Risk Among Spinal Cord  Injury Adults in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia: A Community-based  Study

Yee Xing You; Jing Yi Foo; Wani Aqilah Mustafa; Rohana Hussain; Amaramalar Selvi Naicker; Ohnmar Htwe; Zahara Abdul Manaf; Suzana Shahar

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Factors Associated With Pressure Ulcer Risk Among Spinal Cord Injury Adults in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia: A Community-based Study

Author: Yee Xing You ¹ ; Jing Yi Foo ¹ ; Wani Aqilah Mustafa ¹ ; Rohana Hussain ¹ ; Amaramalar Selvi Naicker ² ; Ohnmar Htwe ² ; Zahara Abdul Manaf ¹ ; Suzana Shahar ¹
Author Information

1. Dietetics Programme, Centre for Healthy Ageing and Wellness (H-Care), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
2. Rehabilitation Medicine Unit, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Pusat Perubatan Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Publication Type:Journal Article
Keywords: Factors, Community, Nutrition, Pressure ulcer, Spinal cord injury
From:Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences 2021;17(No.3):177-184
CountryMalaysia
Language:English
Abstract: Introduction: Pressure ulcers (PUs) are a leading health problem among spinal cord injury(SCI) patients. Therefore, this comprehensive study was aimed at determining the association between potential factors and the occurrence of PUs among SCI adults in community settings. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among adults with SCI aged 18 years and above from five selected locations in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The study was carried out through interviews based on validated questionnaires such as the Dietary History Questionnaire (DHQ), Spinal Nutrition Screening Tool (SNST), Physical Activity Scale for Individuals with Physical Disabilities (PASIPD), Barthel Index for Activities of Daily Living (ADL), and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL). Estimated weight and height were obtained using recumbent formula. The stages of their PUs were assessed based on National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel (NPUAP) grading system. Results: A total of 40 subjects participated in the study, 25% of whom were having PUs. Their nutritional inadequacies were identified, whereby 90%, 70% and 85.5% of them were receiving below their daily requirement of energy, carbohydrate and protein, respectively. The fat and sodium intakes of 55% of them were above the Malaysian Recommended Nutrient Intakes(RNI). It was successfully found that physical activity could decrease the risk of PUs(R2=0.654, OR=0.310, p<0.05). Conclusion: Overall, 25% of the subjects had PUs that were associated with physical inactivity. The majority of the subjects did not meet their nutrient requirements. Therefore, there is a need for increased physical activity and improved nutrient intake in order to reduce the risk of pressure ulcers among SCI adults in communities.
Full text:11.2021my1085.pdf