Current Updates on the Diagnosis and Management of Multiple Sclerosis for the General Neurologist
- Author:
Archit B BASKARAN
1
;
Elena GREBENCIUCOVA
;
Thomas SHOEMAKER
;
Edith L GRAHAM
Author Information
- Publication Type:REVIEW
- From:Journal of Clinical Neurology 2023;19(3):217-229
- CountryRepublic of Korea
- Language:English
- Abstract: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune-driven disease that affects the central nervous system and is characterized by acute-on-chronic demyelination attacks. It is a major cause of global neurological disability, and its prevalence has increased in the United States. Conceptual understandings of MS have evolved over time, including the identification of B cells as key factors in its pathophysiology. The foundation of MS management involves preventing flares so as to avoid long-term functional decline. Treatments may be categorized into low-, middle-, and high-efficacy medications based on their efficacy in relapse prevention. With 24 FDAapproved treatments for MS, individual therapy is chosen based on distinct mechanisms and potential side effects. This review provides a detailed update on the epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment advances, and major ongoing research investigations in MS.
