The result of measured household indoor air quality, Ulaanbaatar, 2020
- VernacularTitle:Өрхийн дотоод орчны агаарын чанарыг тодорхойлсон дүн
- Author:
Oyun-Erdene O
1
;
Tsegmed S
1
;
Buuveidulam A
1
;
Bolor B
1
;
Bataa Ch
2
;
Narantuya D
1
;
Suvd B
1
Author Information
1. National Center for Public Health
2. UNICEF, Mongolia
- Publication Type:Journal Article
- Keywords:
carbon monoxide poisoning;
indoor air;
improved briquette;
coal
- From:Mongolian Medical Sciences
2020;194(4):74-83
- CountryMongolia
- Language:Mongolian
-
Abstract:
Introduction:Beginning 15 May 2019, the consumption of raw coal in Ulaanbaatar has been replaced by the
consumption of briquette fuel for the improvement of air quality according to Governmental Resolution
No.62 adopted in 2018. Since after this resolution has been in placed the number of CO poisoning
has been increased as of 18 December 2019, nine persons were died and 1394 people get a health
care service due to CO poisoning. However, it has been not been assessed briquette affect to the
indoor air quality and its health impact. Thus, it is need urge to define the indoor air quality effect of
briquette and its heath impact.
Goal:To assess the indoor air quality of the household using the “improved briquette” and identify the
causes of the risk.
Material and Method:This a cross-sectional survey, conducted from January 31, 2020 to April 31, 2020, data were obtained
by quantitative, qualitative (observation, interview) and direct indoor air quality measurement. The
survey sampling frame was 40 households in central 6 districts of Ulaanbaatar that used improved
fuels (20 households with a history of carbon monoxide poisoning and 20 households that were not
affected), and 14 households in the Nalaikh district that used raw coal, in total of 54 households were
participated. Indoor air quality was measured by PM2.5, PM10, CO, SO2, NO2, and microclimate per
household for 24 hours during a week.
The statistical data analysis was done by the SPSS-23 program and preformed required parametric
and non-parametric tests. The normality of the data was checked by the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test.
The most of data was not normally distributed. So, thus we used median and used relevant non-parametric tests. The average level of microclimate indicators, and air quality indicators were defined
as mean, median and its IQR and standard deviation. The 95% confidence intervals of mean and
frequencies were determined and used to differentiate group differences.
The Ethical permission to start the survey was approved by the 2nd meeting of the Ministry of Health
on February 4, 2020. The committee was reviewed and approved the research methodology based on
whether data collection technique and tools are considered the ethical issues, and whether provided
accurate information for make decisions to enroll to the survey for respondents.
Results:According to the health statistic, from October 2, 2019 to March 31, 2020, a total of 2,768 people from 837 households were exposed to carbon monoxide poisoning. Of the total reported cases, 10 were
drunk, and 2 were due to other disease complications, and a total of 2,756 cases were confirmed
diagnosis as carbon monoxide poisoning.
Emissions of CO were recorded every 15 seconds and the results were calculated by conducting
continuous measurements per household for 24 hours a week. The level of CO emitted into the
indoor environment of households exposed by carbon monoxide had increased during the following
time from 7 am to 9 am in the morning, from 13 pm to 15 pm, from 18 pm to 20 pm in the evening, and
from 22 pm to 24 pm at night. During this period of time, the indoor air CO level had increased from
the WHO mild poisoning recommendation level.
Conclusion:It has been defined that the carbon monoxide emits to the indoor air households which are using an
improved fuel according to measurement the 30 minutes, 31-60 minutes, and 61-120 minutes after
burning.
- Full text:2020-194(4)-74-83.pdf
