A preliminary study on detection of periodontal pathogens from saliva samples of selected Sarawakian

Grace Bebey; Elexson Nillian; Azham Zulkharnain; Tan Cheng Siang; Nurshaline Pauline Haji Kipli

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A preliminary study on detection of periodontal pathogens from saliva samples of selected Sarawakian

Author: Grace Bebey ¹ ; Elexson Nillian ¹ ; Azham Zulkharnain ² ; Tan Cheng Siang ³ ; Nurshaline Pauline Haji Kipli ⁴
Author Information

1. Faculty of Resource Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 94300, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia.
2. Department of Bioscience and Engineering, Shibaura Institute of Technology, 307 Fukasaku, Minuma-ku, Saitama-shi, Saitama, 337-8570, Japan.
3. Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia.
4. Nurshaline Pauline Haji Kipl
Publication Type:Other Types
Keywords: Saliva; Red complex bacteria; Periodontal disease; Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
MeSH: Periodontal Diseases; Saliva; Mouth
From:Malaysian Journal of Microbiology 2021;17(3):326-332
CountryMalaysia
Language:English
Abstract: Aims:The oral cavity has the most complex microbiota after the stomach. A disturbed oral equilibrium can lead to the onset and development of periodontal disease. The known causative agents are the red complex bacteria (Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, Treponema denticola). This study was carried out to provide insights on the prevalence of periodontal pathogens in Sarawakian oral cavity since the data at present is still lacking.
Methodology and results:A total of two millilitres (2 mL) of saliva samples were collected from twenty-seven (n=27) individuals (21 gingivitis, 6 healthy) between aged 18 until 30 years old, from Sarawak General Hospital. DNA extraction for the saliva samples was done by using phenol-chloroform method. Then, 16S rRNA PCR was performed followed by species-specific PCR for red complex bacteria detection. Statistical data was analysed using GraphPad Prism 8.4.1 software. As a result, 14% of gingivitis-affected female subjects were found with all the member of red complex species. Co-occurrence of red complex species was observed but no significant difference was found. An alarming presence of red complex bacteria particularly T. forsythia was detected in 57% of gingivitis subject as compared to the other red complex species.
Conclusion, significance and impact of study:The risk of acquiring periodontal disease increases by having at least one of the red complex species in the oral environment. Therefore, the rapid molecular detection of red complex bacteria in this study is useful for risk assessment of periodontal disease and proper species-targeted treatment to patients especially Sarawakian in general as the result has shed lights to the fairly poor oral status of volunteers.
Full text:20.2021my0034.pdf