Andrographolide inhibits chikungunya virus infection by up-regulating host innate immune pathways
- Author:
Swati GUPTA
1
;
Kamla MISHRA
1
;
Lilly GANJU
1
;
Shashi SINGH
1
;
Paban DASH
2
;
Manmohan PARIDA
2
Author Information
- Publication Type:Journal Article
- Keywords: Andrographolide; Chikungunya virus; Interferon α; Protein kinase R; Retinoic acid inducible gene-I; Tumor necrosis factor α
- From: Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2018;11(3):214-221
- CountryChina
- Language:Chinese
- Abstract: Objective: To investigate the therapeutic efficacy of andrographolide, a plant derived compound, against chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection. Methods: Using flow cytometry and immunoblotting assay, in vitro viral protein expression was studied in THP-1 cells line. In Balb/c mouse neonates, viral RNA copy number was determined by real time PCR. Results: The results showed reduced CHIKV protein expression on andrographolide treatment in CHIKV-infected human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, Vero cells and THP-1 cell line. In vivo, andrographolide treatment to CHIKV-infected neonates reduced viral RNA copy number. Further, andrographolide also increased cytotoxic T lymphocytes both in vitro and in vivo. Andrographolide also activated host innate immune pathways, viz., protein kinase R, phosphorylated eukaryotic initiation factor 2α , retinoic acid inducible gene-I and interferon regulatory factor 3/7, thereby increasing IFN- α secretion. CHIKV-induced nuclear factor κ light chain enhancer of activated B cells and tumor necrosis factor- α was also reduced on andrographolide treatment. Conclusion: Andrographolide inhibits CHIKV by suppressing viral protein expression and up-regulating host innate immunity and hence could be an effective therapeutic agent against CHIKV infection.
