Parkinson's Disease: A Multisystem Disorder.
10.1007/s12264-022-00934-6
- Author:
Helena Nunes COSTA
1
;
Ana Raquel ESTEVES
1
;
Nuno EMPADINHAS
1
;
Sandra Morais CARDOSO
2
Author Information
1. CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology and CIBB-Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal.
2. CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology and CIBB-Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal. sicardoso@fmed.uc.pt.
- Publication Type:Review
- Keywords:
Blood-brain barrier;
Gut microbiome;
Intestinal barrier;
Parkinson's disease;
α-Synuclein
- MeSH:
Humans;
Parkinson Disease/pathology*;
Gastrointestinal Tract;
Risk Factors;
Gastrointestinal Microbiome;
Prodromal Symptoms;
alpha-Synuclein
- From:
Neuroscience Bulletin
2023;39(1):113-124
- CountryChina
- Language:English
-
Abstract:
The way sporadic Parkinson's disease (PD) is perceived has undergone drastic changes in recent decades. For a long time, PD was considered a brain disease characterized by motor disturbances; however, the identification of several risk factors and the hypothesis that PD has a gastrointestinal onset have shed additional light. Today, after recognition of prodromal non-motor symptoms and the pathological processes driving their evolution, there is a greater understanding of the involvement of other organ systems. For this reason, PD is increasingly seen as a multiorgan and multisystemic pathology that arises from the interaction of susceptible genetic factors with a challenging environment during aging-related decline.
