Cancer-cell-intrinsic mechanisms shaping the immunosuppressive landscape of prostate cancer.

Yini Zhu; Loan Duong; Xuemin LU; Xin LU

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Cancer-cell-intrinsic mechanisms shaping the immunosuppressive landscape of prostate cancer.

Author: Yini ZHU ¹ ; Loan DUONG ¹ ; Xuemin LU ¹ ; Xin LU ¹
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1. Department of Biological Sciences, Boler-Parseghian Center for Rare and Neglected Diseases, Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA.
Publication Type:Case Reports
Keywords: immune checkpoint blockade; immunosuppression; immunotherapy; neuroendocrine prostate cancer; prostate cancer
MeSH: Male; Humans; Prostatic Neoplasms/pathology*; Prostate/pathology*; Immunotherapy; Tumor Microenvironment
From: Asian Journal of Andrology 2023;25(2):171-178
CountryChina
Language:English
Abstract: Although immunotherapy has revolutionized cancer treatment and achieved remarkable success across many different cancer types, only a subset of patients shows meaningful clinical responses. In particular, advanced prostate cancer exhibits overwhelming de novo resistance to immune checkpoint blockade therapy. This is primarily due to the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment of prostate cancer. Therefore, it is paramount to understand how prostate cancer cell-intrinsic mechanisms promote immune evasion and foster an immunosuppressive microenvironment. Here, we review recent findings that reveal the roles of the genetic alterations, androgen receptor signaling, cancer cell plasticity, and oncogenic pathways in shaping the immunosuppressive microenvironment and thereby driving immunotherapy resistance. Based on preclinical and clinical observations, a variety of therapeutic strategies are being developed that may illuminate new paths to enhance immunotherapy efficacy in prostate cancer.