Antimicrobial, cytotoxicity and preliminary phytochemical determination of commonly used medicinal plants to treat oral cavity, urinary tract and gut infections by inhabitants of Borabu sub-county, Nyamira County, Kenya

Eric Omori Omwenga; Francisco Maria Goycoolea; Andreas Hensel; Anakalo Shitandi

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Antimicrobial, cytotoxicity and preliminary phytochemical determination of commonly used medicinal plants to treat oral cavity, urinary tract and gut infections by inhabitants of Borabu sub-county, Nyamira County, Kenya

Author: Eric Omori Omwenga ^{1
,

2} ; Francisco Maria Goycoolea ^{3
,

4} ; Andreas Hensel ⁵ ; Anakalo Shitandi ⁶
Author Information

1. Kisii University, School of Health Sciences, P.O. BOX 408-40200 Kisii, Kenya. &
2. University of Munster, Institute of Plant Biotechnology and Biology, Nanobiotechnology Group Schlossgarten 3, 48149 Munster, Germany.
3. University of Munster, Institute of Plant Biotechnology and Biology, Nanobiotechnology Group Schlossgarten 3, 48149 Munster, Germany. &
4. School of Food Science and Nutrition. University of Leeds. Leeds LS16 7PA, United Kingdom.
5. University of Munster, Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Phytochemistry, Corrensstrasse 48, 48149 Munster, Germany.
6. Kisii University, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, P.O. BOX 408-40200 Kisii, Kenya.
Publication Type:Journal Article
Keywords: Antimicrobial, Medicinal plants, Resistance, Cytotoxicity
MeSH: Plants, Medicinal--adverse effects; Kenya (Southwestern)
From:Malaysian Journal of Microbiology 2020;16(4):312-322
CountryMalaysia
Language:English
Abstract: Aims:The study aimed at determining the antimicrobial activities and cytotoxicity properties of medicinal plants collected from southwestern Kenya.
Methods and results:A total of 23 ethanol extracts of selected medicinal plants were bio-assayed against Gramnegative bacterial strains (Escherichia coli NU14, Helicobacter pylori ATCC 700824, and Porphyromonas gingivalis ATCC 33277). Cytotoxicity tests were also carried out on mammalian cell lines (AGS, KB, and TR146). Preliminary type of phytochemical compounds present in the extracts was determined by thin-layer chromatography. Cassia didymobotrya plant extract (1 mg/mL) had strong antimicrobial activity against P. gingivalis (average zone of inhibition of 21.70 ± 0.88 mm, MIC 0.13 ± 0.00 mg/mL and MBC 0.50 ± 0.00 mg/mL). Escherichia coli was resistant to all the extracts bioassayed. Leonotis nepetifolia (15.80 ± 0.20 mm) and Clerodendrum myriacoides (14.20 ± 0.44 mm) showed only moderate activity against H. pylori. Cell cytotoxicity results indicated a dose-dependent response against KB, TR146 and AGS cell lines with C. didymobotrya having IC50 values of 47.64 and 704.00 µg/mL on KB and TR146 cell lines, respectively. L. nepetifolia and C. myriacoides did produce IC50 of 0.1883 mg/mL and 0.1061 mg/mL against the AGS cell line respectively.
Conclusion, significance and impact of the study:Most of the extracts had no or weak activity against test isolates, but C. didymobotrya leaves extracts showed strong activity against P. gingivalis. C. didymobotrya can offer alternative medicare to P. gingivalis conditions.
Full text:20.2020my0009.pdf