Association between dietary magnesium intake and risk of hypertension in Chinese adults

Liusen Wang; Huijun Wang; Zhihong Wang; Hongru Jiang; Weiyi LI; Shaoshunzi Wang; Lixin Hao; Bing Zhang; Gangqiang Ding

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Association between dietary magnesium intake and risk of hypertension in Chinese adults

VernacularTitle:我国成年人膳食镁摄入与高血压发病风险的相关性
Author: Liusen WANG ^{1
,

2} ; Huijun WANG ^{1
,

2} ; Zhihong WANG ^{1
,

2} ; Hongru JIANG ^{1
,

2} ; Weiyi LI ^{1
,

2} ; Shaoshunzi WANG ³ ; Lixin HAO ³ ; Bing ZHANG ³ ; Gangqiang DING ^{1
,

2}
Author Information

1. National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
2. DRIs Expert Committee on Macroelement, Chinese Nutrition Society, Beijing 100053, China.
3. National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China.
Publication Type:Specialcolumn:Dietarymagnesiumintakeandhealth
Keywords: nutrition survey; adult; dietary magnesium; hypertension; dose-response relationship
From: Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine 2022;39(9):974-980
CountryChina
Language:Chinese
Abstract: Background Magnesium plays an important physiological role in human, but the association between dietary magnesium intake and the risk of hypertension is unclear. Few studies have reported the dose-response relationship in Chinese population. Objective To analyze the relationship between dietary magnesium intake and the risk of hypertension in Chinese adults aged 18-64 years, and to explore the dose-response relationship. Methods A total of 13082 adults aged 18-64 years who participated in at least two rounds of the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) from 2000 to 2018 were selected. Dietary data were obtained by consecutive 3-day 24-hour dietary recall and weighting & bookkeeping method. Blood pressure was measured with a standard mercury sphygmomanometer. Hypertension was diagnosed when systolic blood pressure ≥140 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mmHg, or self-reported hypertension history or using antihypertensive drugs. The mean of dietary magnesium intake in all survey years (excluding the last survey) was used as the dietary magnesium intake of the subject, and the mean of dietary magnesium intake was divided into 5 equal groups. Cox proportional risk model with adjustments for socio-demographic factors, body mass index (BMI), smoking and drinking, sleep time, physical activity, and dietary factors, was used to analyze the association between dietary magnesium intake and the risk of hypertension. A sensitivity analysis was conducted by excluding baseline diabetes patients and adjusting for baseline blood pressure. In addition, a restricted cubic spline model was used to analyze the dose-response relationship between them. Results In this study, male participants accounted for 47.70%, and those aged 18-44 years accounted for 72.47%. The mean follow-up time was 12.56 years and the prevalence of hypertension was 13.86%. Dietary magnesium intake was inversely associated with the risk of hypertension at the 4^th quintile (median 333.56 mg·d⁻¹) and the 5^th quintile (median 420.07 mg·d⁻¹) compared with the 1^st quintile (median 189.06 mg·d^–1), and the hazard risk (HR) values and associated 95%CIs were 0.81 (0.67-0.97) and 0.81 (0.66-0.99) respectively. After eliminating baseline diabetes and adjusting baseline blood pressure, dietary magnesium intake remained negatively associated with the risk of hypertension, which was consistent with the population-wide HR. The association between dietary magnesium intake and the risk of hypertension was non-linear (χ²=11.07, P=0.01). When dietary magnesium intake was higher than 339 mg·d⁻¹, the risk of hypertension decreased, and the HR value was the lowest in 375-418 mg·d⁻¹ (HR=0.65, 95%CI: 0.45-0.94), and then gradually tended to 1. There was no statistically significant association at 467 mg·d⁻¹and above. Conclusion Magnesium intake in the range of 339-467 mg·d⁻¹ is negatively associated with the risk of hypertension in Chinese adults, presenting a U-shaped dose-response relationship.