Trimethylamine oxide induces pyroptosis of vascular endothelial cells through ALDH2/ROS/NLRP3/GSDMD pathway
10.11817/j.issn.1672-7347.2022.220086
- VernacularTitle:氧化三甲胺通过ALDH2/ROS/NLRP3/GSDMD通路诱导血管内皮细胞焦亡
- Author:
Jialing LI
1
;
Hongwei LÜ
;
Shuhua CHEN
;
Hong XIANG
;
Hengdao LIU
;
Shaoli ZHAO
Author Information
1. 中南大学湘雅三医院心内科,长沙 410013
- Keywords:
trimethylamine oxide;
endothelial cell pyroptosis;
endothelial dysfunction;
atherosclerosis
- From:
Journal of Central South University(Medical Sciences)
2022;47(9):1171-1181
- CountryChina
- Language:Chinese
-
Abstract:
Objective: Trimethylamine oxide (TMAO) is a metabolite of intestinal flora and is known to promote the progression of atherosclerotic plaques. However, how TMAO works, including its effect on vascular endothelial cells, is not fully understood. This study aims to explore the biological role of TMAO in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and the underlying mechanism. Methods: Cell pyroptosis and the loss of plasma membrane integrity were induced under TMAO stimulation in HUVECs. The plasma membrane integrity of the cells was measured by Hoechst 33342/propidium iodide (PI) staining and lactate dehydrogenase leakage assay, and the changes in cell morphology were observed by atomic force microscope. The expression of proteins related to pyroptosis was determined by Western blotting or immunofluorescence. Mitochondrial acetaldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) activity in HUVECs was measured by the ALDH2 activity assay kit, and the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was detected by fluorescent probe DCFH-DA. Results: TMAO induced pyroptotic cell death, manifesting by the presence of propidium iodide-positive cells, the leakage of lactate dehydrogenase, the production of N-terminal gasdermin D (GSDMD-N), and the formation of plasma membrane pores. Moreover, TMAO induced elevated expression of inflammasome components, nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3),apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase activation and recruitment domain (ASC), and caspase-1 in cells. TMAO significantly inhibited ALDH2 activity and increased intracellular ROS production. However, the activation of ALDH2 by pharmacological manipulation attenuated TMAO-induced inflammasome activation and GSDMD-N production.Conclusion: TMAO induces pyroptosis of vascular endothelial cells through the ALDH2/ROS/NLRP3/GSDMD signaling pathway, which may be a potential therapeutic target for improving the treatment of atherosclerosis.
