Structural, Functional, and Molecular Imaging of Autism Spectrum Disorder

Xiaoyi LI; Xiao HE; Jinyun Zhou; Chentao Jin; Yuanxue Gao; Mei Tian; Hong Zhang; Xiaoyi LI; Xiao HE; Jinyun Zhou; Chentao Jin; Yuanxue Gao; Mei Tian; Hong Zhang; Hong Zhang; Kai Zhang; Lesang Shen; Xiaoyi LI; Xiao HE; Jinyun Zhou; Chentao Jin; Yuanxue Gao; Mei Tian; Hong Zhang; Hong Zhang

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Structural, Functional, and Molecular Imaging of Autism Spectrum Disorder

Author: Xiaoyi LI ¹ ; Xiao HE ¹ ; Jinyun ZHOU ¹ ; Chentao JIN ¹ ; Yuanxue GAO ¹ ; Mei TIAN ¹ ; Hong ZHANG ¹ ; Xiaoyi LI ² ; Xiao HE ² ; Jinyun ZHOU ² ; Chentao JIN ² ; Yuanxue GAO ² ; Mei TIAN ² ; Hong ZHANG ² ; Hong ZHANG ³ ; Kai ZHANG ⁴ ; Lesang SHEN ⁵ ; Xiaoyi LI ⁶ ; Xiao HE ⁶ ; Jinyun ZHOU ⁶ ; Chentao JIN ⁶ ; Yuanxue GAO ⁶ ; Mei TIAN ⁶ ; Hong ZHANG ⁶ ; Hong ZHANG ⁷
Author Information

1. Department of Nuclear Medicine and Medical PET Center, The Second Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine
2. Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging of Zhejiang Province
3. Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University
4. Laboratory for Pathophysiological and Health Science, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research
5. Department of Surgical Oncology, The Second Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine
6. Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Zhejiang University
7. The College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science of Zhejiang University
Publication Type:Journal Article
Keywords: Autism spectrum disorder; Functional connectivity; Magnetic resonance imaging; Molecular imaging; Oxytocin; Positron emission tomography; Serotonin
From: Neuroscience Bulletin 2021;37(7):1051-1071
CountryChina
Language:Chinese
Abstract: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorder associated with both genetic and environmental risks. Neuroimaging approaches have been widely employed to parse the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying ASD, and provide critical insights into the anatomical, functional, and neurochemical changes. We reviewed recent advances in neuroimaging studies that focused on ASD by using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography (PET), or single-positron emission tomography (SPECT). Longitudinal structural MRI has delineated an abnormal developmental trajectory of ASD that is associated with cascading neurobiological processes, and functional MRI has pointed to disrupted functional neural networks. Meanwhile, PET and SPECT imaging have revealed that metabolic and neurotransmitter abnormalities may contribute to shaping the aberrant neural circuits of ASD. Future large-scale, multi-center, multimodal investigations are essential to elucidate the neurophysiological underpinnings of ASD, and facilitate the development of novel diagnostic biomarkers and better-targeted therapy.