Clinical and immune response characteristics among vaccinated persons infected with SARS-CoV-2 delta variant: a retrospective study.

Cunjin Wang; Yong LI; Yuchen Pan; Luojing Zhou; Xi Zhang; Yan Wei; Fang Guo; Yusheng Shu; Ju Gao

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Clinical and immune response characteristics among vaccinated persons infected with SARS-CoV-2 delta variant: a retrospective study.

Author: Cunjin WANG ¹ ; Yong LI ¹ ; Yuchen PAN ² ; Luojing ZHOU ³ ; Xi ZHANG ³ ; Yan WEI ¹ ; Fang GUO ¹ ; Yusheng SHU ⁴ ; Ju GAO ⁵
Author Information

1. Department of Anesthesiology, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou 225001, China.
2. Department of Neurology, Jiangsu Provincial Corps Hospital, Chinese People's Armed Police Force, Yangzhou 225000, China.
3. Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China.
4. Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China. shuyusheng65@163.com.
5. Department of Anesthesiology, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou 225001, China. gaoju_003@163.com.
Publication Type:Journal Article
Keywords: Delta variant; Hospitalization; Immune response; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2); Vaccine
MeSH: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Humans; COVID-19/prevention & control*; COVID-19 Vaccines/adverse effects*; Critical Illness; Immunity; Retrospective Studies; SARS-CoV-2; Vaccines, Inactivated/adverse effects*; Viral Vaccines/adverse effects*
From: Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B 2022;23(11):899-914
CountryChina
Language:English
Abstract: OBJECTIVES:This study aimed to observe the clinical and immune response characteristics of vaccinated persons infected with the delta variant of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in Yangzhou, China.
METHODS:We extracted the medical data of 129 patients with delta-variant infection who were admitted to Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital (Yangzhou, China) between August and September, 2021. The patients were grouped according to the number of vaccine doses received into an unvaccinated group: a one-dose group and a two-dose group. The vaccine used was SARS-CoV-2-inactivated vaccine developed by Sinovac. We retrospectively analyzed the patients' epidemiological, clinical, laboratory, and imaging data.
RESULTS:Almost all patients with delta-variant infection in Yangzhou were elderly, and patients with severe/critical illness were over 70 years of age. The rates of severe/critical illness (P=0.006), fever (P=0.025), and dyspnea (P=0.045) were lower in the two-dose group than in the unvaccinated group. Compared to the unvaccinated group, the two-dose group showed significantly higher lymphocyte counts and significantly lower levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and D-dimer during hospitalization and a significantly higher positive rate of immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies at admission (all P<0.05). The cumulative probabilities of hospital discharge and negative virus conversion were also higher in the two-dose group than in the unvaccinated group (P<0.05).
CONCLUSIONS:Two doses of the SARS-CoV-2-inactivated vaccine were highly effective at limiting symptomatic disease and reducing immune response, while a single dose did not seem to be effective.