Salvadora persica extract attenuates cyclophosphamide-induced hepatorenal damage by modulating oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis in rats.
10.1016/j.joim.2022.05.001
- Author:
Thalat BOKHARY
1
;
Bassem REFAAT
2
;
El-Sayed BAKR
3
;
Sameh BAZ
2
;
Bodour RAJAB
2
;
Hossam GADALLA
4
;
Mohamed EL-BOSHY
5
,
6
Author Information
1. Department of Immunology and Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia.
2. Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 7607, Saudi Arabia.
3. Clinical Nutrition Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 7607, Saudi Arabia.
4. Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.
5. Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 7607, Saudi Arabia
6. Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt. Electronic address: meboshy@uqu.edu.sa.
- Publication Type:Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
- Keywords:
AMP-activated protein kinases;
Anti-inflammatory agents;
Antioxidants;
Cyclophosphamide;
Cytokine;
NF-κB;
Salvadora persica
- MeSH:
AMP-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism*;
Animals;
Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology*;
Antioxidants/metabolism*;
Apoptosis;
Biomarkers;
Cyclophosphamide;
Inflammation/drug therapy*;
Interleukin-10;
Interleukin-6/metabolism*;
Liver;
Male;
NF-kappa B/metabolism*;
Oxidative Stress;
Rats;
Salvadoraceae/metabolism*;
Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism*
- From:
Journal of Integrative Medicine
2022;20(4):348-354
- CountryChina
- Language:English
-
Abstract:
OBJECTIVE:Salvadora persica (SP) is used as a food additive and is a common ingredient in folk medicine. This study investigates the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and beneficial effects of SP against cyclophosphamide (CYP) toxicity in rats.
METHODS:In a 10-day study, 32 male rats were equally allocated into 4 groups (8 rats/group) as follows: the normal control (NC group), normal rats that only received oral aqueous extract of SP (100 mg/[kg·d]; SP group), animals treated with intraperitoneal CYP injections (30 mg/[kg·d]; CYP group), and the CYP + SP group that concurrently received CYP with SP aqueous extract. Serum samples were collected to measure the liver and renal biochemical profiles, as well as antioxidant and oxidative stress markers and the concentrations of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Hepatic and renal tissues were also harvested for histopathology and to measure apoptosis using the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling technique, alongside tissue levels of oxidative stress markers.
RESULTS:Liver enzymes, total bilirubin, creatinine and urea, as well as serum IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and NF-κB increased significantly, whilst total protein, albumin, calcium, IL-10 and AMPK declined in serum of the CYP group relative to the NC group. The hepatorenal concentrations of glutathione, glutathione peroxidase and catalase declined markedly in the CYP group, whereas malondialdehyde, protein adducts, and apoptosis index increased compared with the NC group. By contrast, the hepatorenal biochemistry and apoptosis index of the SP group were comparable to the NC group. Interestingly, the CYP + SP group had significant improvements in the liver and renal biochemical parameters, enhanced anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects, and marked declines in hepatic and renal apoptosis relative to the CYP group. Moreover, all monitored parameters were statistically indistinguishable between the CYP + SP group and the NC group.
CONCLUSION:This study suggests that the aqueous extract of SP could be a potential remedy against CYP-induced hepatorenal damage and may act by modulating the AMPK/NF-κB signaling pathway and promoting anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory activities.
