NAD + and Vascular Dysfunction: From Mechanisms to Therapeutic Opportunities
10.12997/jla.2022.11.2.111
- Author:
Mahmoud ABDELLATIF
1
;
Heiko BUGGER
;
Guido KROEMER
;
Simon SEDEJ
Author Information
1. Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Publication Type:Review
- From:Journal of Lipid and Atherosclerosis
2022;11(2):111-132
- CountryRepublic of Korea
- Language:English
-
Abstract:
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD + ) is an essential and pleiotropic coenzyme involved not only in cellular energy metabolism, but also in cell signaling, epigenetic regulation, and post-translational protein modifications. Vascular disease risk factors are associated with aberrant NAD + metabolism. Conversely, the therapeutic increase of NAD + levels through the administration of NAD + precursors or inhibitors of NAD + -consuming enzymes reduces chronic low-grade inflammation, reactivates autophagy and mitochondrial biogenesis, and enhances oxidative metabolism in vascular cells of humans and rodents with vascular pathologies. As such, NAD + has emerged as a potential target for combatting age-related cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disorders. This review discusses NAD + -regulated mechanisms critical for vascular health and summarizes new advances in NAD + research directly related to vascular aging and disease, including hypertension, atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, and aortic aneurysms. Finally, we enumerate challenges and opportunities for NAD + repletion therapy while anticipating the future of this exciting research field, which will have a major impact on vascular medicine.
